TJ-II:Plasma Wall Interaction: Difference between revisions

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TJ-II:Plasma Wall Interaction (view source)

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To condition the wall of the [[TJ-II]] [[TJ-II:Vacuum system|vacuum vessel]], a number of techniques is used,
To condition the wall of the [[TJ-II]] [[TJ-II:Vacuum system|vacuum vessel]], a number of techniques is used,
such as a baking system.
such as a baking system.
<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.1999.849826 R. Carrasco, '' Hybrid baking system for the vacuum vessel of the Spanish stellarator TJ-II'', Proc. 18<sup>th</sup> Symposium on Fusion Engineering (1999) 231-234]</ref>
<ref>R. Carrasco, '' Hybrid baking system for the vacuum vessel of the Spanish stellarator TJ-II'', [[doi:10.1109/FUSION.1999.849826|Proc. 18<sup>th</sup> Symposium on Fusion Engineering (1999) 231-234]]</ref>  
Currently, this system is no longer in use.


== Glow Discharge Cleaning ==
== Glow Discharge Cleaning ==


Glow discharge cleaning is routinely used at TJ-II.
Glow discharge cleaning is routinely used at TJ-II.
<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00672-3 D. Tafalla and F.L. Tabarés, ''Wall conditioning and density control in the TJ-II stellarator'', Journal of Nuclear Materials '''290-293''' (2001) 1195-1198]</ref>
<ref>D. Tafalla and F.L. Tabarés, ''Wall conditioning and density control in the TJ-II stellarator'', [[doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00672-3|Journal of Nuclear Materials '''290-293''' (2001) 1195-1198]]</ref>
<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0042-207X(01)00301-3 D. Tafalla and F.L. Tabarés, ''Wall conditioning of TJ-II stellarator by glow discharge'', Vacuum '''64''', Issues 3-4 (2002) 411-415]</ref>
<ref>D. Tafalla and F.L. Tabarés, ''Wall conditioning of TJ-II stellarator by glow discharge'', [[doi:10.1016/S0042-207X(01)00301-3|Vacuum '''64''', Issues 3-4 (2002) 411-415]]</ref>


== Limiters ==
== Limiters ==


TJ-II is fitted with two mobile [[TJ-II:Limiter|limiters]]. Nevertheless, the main interaction between the plasma and the wall occurs at the central "groove".
TJ-II is fitted with two mobile [[TJ-II:Limiter|limiters]]. Nevertheless, the main interaction between the plasma and the wall occurs at the central "groove".
<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.1993.518387 J. Botija et al, ''Vacuum vessel, wall protection, pumping system and poloidal limiters of the Spanish stellarator TJ-II'', 15<sup>th</sup> IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering, Vol. 1 (1993) 529-532]</ref>
<ref>J. Botija et al, ''Vacuum vessel, wall protection, pumping system and poloidal limiters of the Spanish stellarator TJ-II'', [[doi:10.1109/FUSION.1993.518387|15<sup>th</sup> IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering, Vol. 1 (1993) 529-532]]</ref>


== Wall conditioning ==
== Wall conditioning ==
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Careful control of wall conditions is essential for successful operation.
Careful control of wall conditions is essential for successful operation.
<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00490-6 F.L. Tabarés et al, ''Density control and plasma edge characterisation of ECRH heated plasmas in the TJ-II stellarator'', Journal of Nuclear Materials '''290-293''' (2001) 748-752]</ref>
<ref>F.L. Tabarés et al, ''Density control and plasma edge characterisation of ECRH heated plasmas in the TJ-II stellarator'', [[doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00490-6|Journal of Nuclear Materials '''290-293''' (2001) 748-752]]</ref>


The walls can be coated by various materials, using a set of 4 evaporation ovens: two fixed and two mounted on retractable manipulators.
The walls can be coated by various materials, using a set of 4 evaporation ovens: two fixed and two mounted on retractable manipulators.
In the course of time, TJ-II has been operated with the following types of wall:
In the course of time, TJ-II has been operated with the following types of wall:


* Metal wall <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00861-7 F.L. Tabarés et al, ''Plasma–wall interaction in the Spanish stellarator TJ-II Diagnostics and first results'', Journal of Nuclear Materials '''266-269''' (1999) 1273-1278]</ref> <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/43/8/302 F.L. Tabarés et al, ''Edge characteristics and global confinement of electron cyclotron resonance heated plasmas in the TJ-II Stellarator'', Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''43''' (2001) 1023-1037  ]</ref>
* Metal wall <ref>F.L. Tabarés et al, ''Plasma–wall interaction in the Spanish stellarator TJ-II Diagnostics and first results'', [[doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00861-7|Journal of Nuclear Materials '''266-269''' (1999) 1273-1278]]</ref> <ref>F.L. Tabarés et al, ''Edge characteristics and global confinement of electron cyclotron resonance heated plasmas in the TJ-II Stellarator'', [[doi:10.1088/0741-3335/43/8/302|Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''43''' (2001) 1023-1037  ]]</ref>
* Boron-coated wall <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0042-207X(02)00211-7 D. Tafalla and F.L. Tabarés, ''First boronization of the TJ-II stellarator'', Vacuum '''67''', Issues 3-4 (2002) 393-397]</ref> (starting 2002)
* Boron-coated wall <ref>D. Tafalla and F.L. Tabarés, ''First boronization of the TJ-II stellarator'', [[doi:10.1016/S0042-207X(02)00211-7|Vacuum '''67''', Issues 3-4 (2002) 393-397]]</ref> (starting 2002)
* Lithium-coated wall <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/50/12/124051 F.L. Tabarés at al, ''Plasma performance and confinement in the TJ-II stellarator with lithium-coated walls'', Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''50''' (2008) 124051]</ref> <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.224 J. Sánchez et al, ''Impact of lithium-coated walls on plasma performance in the TJ-II stellarator'', Journal of Nuclear Materials '''390-391''' (2009) 852-857]</ref> <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104018 J. Sánchez et al, ''Confinement transitions in TJ-II under Li-coated wall conditions'', Nucl. Fusion '''49''' (2009) 104018]</ref><ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.200900046 F.L. Tabarés, M. Ochando, D. Tafalla, F. Medina, K. McCarthy, J.M. Fontdecaba, M. Liniers, J. Guasp, E. Ascasíbar, T. Estrada, I. Pastor, TJ-II Team, ''Energy and Particle Balance Studies Under Full Boron and Lithium-Coated Walls in TJ-II'', Contrib. Plasma Phys. '''50''', 6-7 (2010) 610–615]</ref>(starting 2007)
* Lithium-coated wall <ref>F.L. Tabarés at al, ''Plasma performance and confinement in the TJ-II stellarator with lithium-coated walls'', [[doi:10.1088/0741-3335/50/12/124051|Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''50''' (2008) 124051]]</ref> <ref>J. Sánchez et al, ''Impact of lithium-coated walls on plasma performance in the TJ-II stellarator'', [[doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.224|Journal of Nuclear Materials '''390-391''' (2009) 852-857]]</ref> <ref>J. Sánchez et al, ''Confinement transitions in TJ-II under Li-coated wall conditions'', [[doi:10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104018|Nucl. Fusion '''49''' (2009) 104018]]</ref><ref>F.L. Tabarés, M. Ochando, D. Tafalla, F. Medina, K. McCarthy, J.M. Fontdecaba, M. Liniers, J. Guasp, E. Ascasíbar, T. Estrada, I. Pastor, TJ-II Team, ''Energy and Particle Balance Studies Under Full Boron and Lithium-Coated Walls in TJ-II'', [[doi:10.1002/ctpp.200900046|Contrib. Plasma Phys. '''50''', 6-7 (2010) 610–615]]</ref>(starting 2007)


TJ-II was the first stellarator to be operated with Lithium-coated walls.
TJ-II was the first stellarator to be operated with Lithium-coated walls.
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