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United Nations (UN) has declared a State of Climate Emergency until carbon neutrality | United Nations (UN) has declared a State of Climate Emergency until carbon neutrality | ||
has been reached worldwide. EU has assumed a leading position in decarbonization, | has been reached worldwide. EU has assumed a leading position in decarbonization, | ||
going for a climate | going for a climate-neutral Europe in 2050. Much of this energy is still produced from | ||
- | burning fossil fuels on a massive scale. | ||
neutral Europe in 2050. Much of this energy is still produced from | |||
burning fossil fuels on a massive scale | |||
The international effort on | The international effort on | ||
the development of | the development of | ||
Line 33: | Line 31: | ||
see the | see the | ||
CIEMAT | CIEMAT | ||
involved with different innovative projects | involved with different innovative projects. | ||
. | |||
The development of new materials is a key question in different areas. | The development of new materials is a key question in different areas. | ||
An urgent need for | An urgent need for | ||
developing advanced multi | developing advanced multi-functional coatings that can provide | ||
- | |||
functional coatings that can provide | |||
protection against corrosion, gas permeation and/or provide determined features to | protection against corrosion, gas permeation and/or provide determined features to | ||
structural and functional base materials has been identified for multiple technological | structural and functional base materials has been identified for multiple technological | ||
Line 60: | Line 55: | ||
under nuclear fission conditions | under nuclear fission conditions | ||
, but also a protection of | , but also a protection of | ||
the structural material from hydrogen embrittlement due to permeation | the structural material from hydrogen embrittlement due to permeation. | ||
The global objective of the project is to | The global objective of the project is to | ||
promote the development of coating | promote the development of coating | ||
Line 72: | Line 67: | ||
Due to the extreme expected operational | Due to the extreme expected operational | ||
conditions, the most | conditions, the most | ||
restrictive demands are imposed for use in Fusion devices | restrictive demands are imposed for use in Fusion devices. In particular, suitable | ||
. In particular, suitable | |||
chemical composition in order to reduce neutron activation and hence minimize | chemical composition in order to reduce neutron activation and hence minimize | ||
radioactive waste is critical for the design of future fusion plants. This | radioactive waste is critical for the design of future fusion plants. This | ||
Line 83: | Line 77: | ||
Cascade | Cascade | ||
validation of the fabricated coatings | validation of the fabricated coatings | ||
is proposed from a lesser | is proposed from a lesser to | ||
a | a | ||
greater level of | greater level of | ||
Line 92: | Line 85: | ||
examined coatings, their potential use in different disciplines will be considered | examined coatings, their potential use in different disciplines will be considered | ||
depending on the satisfied properties. | depending on the satisfied properties. | ||
EXCORPION will study the | EXCORPION will study the above new materials | ||
solutions in terms of | solutions in terms of | ||
# compatibility with different corrosive materials | |||
isotopes permeation reduction | # hydrogen isotopes permeation reduction | ||
irradiation experiments | # radiation tolerance by dedicated gamma and ion irradiation experiments | ||
# validation to a system level and scale-up to welding and newgeometries. | |||
- | |||
up to | |||
The | The | ||
proposal | proposal | ||
Line 138: | Line 126: | ||
improving | improving | ||
the | the | ||
efficiency | |||
of | of | ||
these | these | ||
Line 146: | Line 133: | ||
for | for | ||
energy | energy | ||
production | production, | ||
, | |||
with | with | ||
the | the | ||
Line 159: | Line 145: | ||
to | to | ||
fossil | fossil | ||
fuels | fuels. | ||
<!-- If applicable: references --> | <!-- If applicable: references --> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
# M. Malo, A. Moroño and E. R. Hodgson, In situ luminescence qualifications of radiation damage in aluminas: F aggregation and Al colloids, Fusion Engineering and Design 89 (2014) 2179-2183. | |||
# M. Malo, A. Moroño, and E.R. Hodgson, “Radioluminescence characterization of SiC and SiC/SiC”, Journal of Nuclear Materials 442 (2013) s404-s409. | |||
# M. Carmona Gázquez, S. Bassini, T. Hernández and M. Utili “Al2O3 Coating as Barrier against corrosion in Pb-17Li” Fusion Engineering and Design Vol. 124, (2017) 837-840. | |||
# P. Muñoz, et. al, “Radiation effects on deuterium permeation for PLD alumina coated Eurofer steel measured during 1.8 MeV electron irradiation” Journal of Nuclear Materials 512 (2018) 118 – 125 | |||
# T.Hernández, et al., “Corrosion protective action of different coatings for the helium cooled pebble breeder concept” Journal of Nuclear Materials 516 (2019) 160-168. | |||
# T. Hernández, et al., “Corrosion behavior of diverse sputtered coatings for the helium cooled pebbles bed (HCPB) breeder concept” Nuclear Materials and Energy, 25 (2020) 100795. | |||
# A. Moroño, E.R. Hodgson and M. Malo, “Radiation enhanced deuterium absorption for Al2O3 and macor ceramic”, Fusion Engineering and Design 88 (2013) 2488-2491. | |||
# T. Hernández, et al., “Study of deuterium permeation, retention, and desorption in SiC coatings submitted to relevant conditions for breeder blanket applications: thermal cycling effect under electron irradiation and oxygen exposure” Journal of Nuclear Materials 557 (2021) 153219 | |||
# Gonzalez-Arrabal, R., Rivera, A., & Perlado, J. M. (2020). “Limitations for tungsten as plasma facing material in the diverse scenarios of the European inertial confinement fusion facility HiPER: Current status and new approaches” Matter and Radiation at Extremes, 5(5), 055201. | |||
# Panizo-Laiz, et al., (2019). “Experimental and computational studies of the influence of grain boundaries and temperature on the radiation-induced damage and hydrogen behavior in tungsten” Nuclear Fusion, 59(8). | |||
# C. Abed, et al., “Processing and Study of Optical and Electrical Properties of (Mg, Al) Co-Doped ZnO Thin Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering for Photovoltaic Application” Materials 13 (2020) 2146-2158. | |||
# S. Fernández, et al.”Non-treated low temperature indium tin oxide fabricated in oxygen-free environment to low-cost silicon-based solar technology” Vacuum 184 (2021) 109783. | |||
# S. Fernández, et al.,”Sputtered non-hydrogenated amorphous silicon as alternative absorber for silicon photovoltaic technology” Materials (2021), 14, 6550. | |||
# S. Fernández, et al., “Roles of low temperature sputtered indium tin oxide for solar photovoltaic technology” Materials (2021), 14, Issue 24, 7758. | |||
# S. Suárez, et al., Parameters to be considered for the development highly photoactive TiO2 layers on aluminium substrates by magnetron sputtering. Catalysis Today (In press). | |||
# E. Carella, D. Rapisarda, S.Lenk. “Design of the CIEMAT Corrosion Loop for Liquid Metal Experiments” Applied Sciences, 12 (2022), 3104. | |||
# E. Carella, C. Moreno, F. R. Urgorri, D. Rapisarda, A. Ibarra “Tritium modeling in HCPB breeder blanket at a system level” Fusion Engineering and Design, 124 (2017) 687-691. | |||
# E. Carella, M. Gonzalez, R. Gonzalez-Arrabal “D-depth profiling in as-implanted and annealed Li-based Breeder Blanket ceramics” Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 438, Issues 1–3 (2013) 193-198. | |||