4,427
edits
No edit summary |
|||
Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
Traditional approaches to the determination of causal relationships between various (fluctuating) variables include a wide range of methods. | Traditional approaches to the determination of causal relationships between various (fluctuating) variables include a wide range of methods. | ||
* If intervention in the system is possible, one may control (modulate) one variable and observe the (delayed) effect on other variables. | * If intervention in the system is possible, one may control (modulate) one variable and observe the (delayed) effect on other variables. | ||
* Observe systematic time delays between characteristic events or observe systematic precursors to | * Observe systematic time delays between characteristic events or observe systematic precursors to characteristic events. | ||
* Predict the system evolution from a (numerical) model. If successful, the model equations may reveal causal relations. | * Predict the system evolution from a (numerical) model. If successful, the model equations may reveal causal relations. | ||
* Quantify parameters related to system evolution (growth rates, damping rates). | * Quantify parameters related to system evolution (growth rates, damping rates). |