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→Fluctuations and noise
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<ref>D. Newland, An Introduction to Random Vibrations, Spectral and Wavelet Analysis (Dover, New York, 1993) ISBN 0486442748</ref> | <ref>D. Newland, An Introduction to Random Vibrations, Spectral and Wavelet Analysis (Dover, New York, 1993) ISBN 0486442748</ref> | ||
However, when the physically interesting information is fluctuating, this signal-noise separation by frequency is not feasible, and much care is needed when analysing data. | However, when the physically interesting information is fluctuating, this signal-noise separation by frequency is not feasible, and much care is needed when analysing data. | ||
The application of a set of techniques is required to understand such signals (cross correlation, conditional averaging, spectral analysis, bi-spectral analysis, | The application of a set of techniques is required to understand such signals (cross correlation, conditional averaging, spectral analysis, [[Bicoherence|bi-spectral analysis]], | ||
<ref>J. van den Berg, ed., Wavelets in Physics (Cambridge University Press, 1999) ISBN 978-0521593113</ref>, [[Biorthogonal decomposition]], | <ref>J. van den Berg, ed., Wavelets in Physics (Cambridge University Press, 1999) ISBN 978-0521593113</ref>, [[Biorthogonal decomposition]], | ||
determination of fractal dimension, mutual information, reconstruction of chaotic attractor, | determination of fractal dimension, mutual information, reconstruction of chaotic attractor, | ||