View source for LNF: Exploration of novel (anti) corrosion and permeation barriers (EXCORPION)

== LNF - Nationally funded project ==
'''Title''': Exploration of novel (anti) corrosion and permeation
barriers (EXCORPION)

'''Reference''': PID2022-141926OA-I00

'''Programme and date''': Proyectos de Generación de Conocimiento, convocatoria 2022

'''Programme type (Modalidad de proyecto)''': Tipo A

'''Area/subarea (Área temática / subárea)''': Energía y transporte/Energía

'''Principal Investigator(s)''': Elisabetta Carella [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4802-2546] [https://wiki.fusion.ciemat.es/wiki/User:Elisabetta] and Marta Malo [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0093-5004]

'''Project type''': Proyecto individual

'''Start-end dates''': 01/09/2023 - 01/09/2026

'''Financing granted (direct costs)''': 90000 €

[[File:Logo EXCORPIONv2-transformed.png|200px|thumb|left|Caption]File:File.png|200px|thumb|right|Caption]]

== Description of the project == 

United Nations (UN) has declared a State of Climate Emergency until carbon neutrality
has been reached worldwide. EU has assumed a leading position in decarbonization,
going for a climate-neutral Europe in 2050. Much of this energy is still produced from
burning fossil fuels on a massive scale.

The international effort on
the development of
alternative energy systems,
see the
CIEMAT
involved with different innovative projects.
The development of new materials is a key question in different areas.
An urgent need for
developing advanced multi-functional coatings that can provide
protection against corrosion, gas permeation and/or provide determined features to
structural and functional base materials has been identified for multiple technological
applications.
For example,
a suitable protective layer for
structural steels
to minimize
tritium permeation and corrosive effects of the
PbLi
is fundamental for the development
of
some
key fusion reactor components.
High reflectivity and electrical conductivity
coatings are required for the new generati
on of solar cells. Low permeability is expected
for the development of hydrogen storage methods. Corrosion protection against molten
salts is required for applications
under nuclear fission conditions
, but also a protection of
the structural material from hydrogen embrittlement due to permeation.

The global objective of the project is to
promote the development of coating
technologies
for applications in the Energy
sector.
Complex multifunctional coatings are key pieces for the consecution of sustainable and
safe new energy sources and must fulfil slightly different requirements depending on the
specific working area.
Due to the extreme expected operational
conditions, the most
restrictive demands are imposed for use in Fusion devices. In particular, suitable
chemical composition in order to reduce neutron activation and hence minimize
radioactive waste is critical for the design of future fusion plants. This
consideration will
serve as a starting point for the selection of the candidate compositions for the
design
and fabrication
stage, together with the current existing background.
Cascade
validation of the fabricated coatings
is proposed from a lesser to
a
greater level of
specificity. This way, even though not every single requirement is met for (all)
of
the
examined coatings, their potential use in different disciplines will be considered
depending on the satisfied properties.
EXCORPION will study the above new materials
solutions in terms of
# compatibility with different corrosive materials 
# hydrogen isotopes permeation reduction
# radiation tolerance by dedicated gamma and ion irradiation experiments
# validation to a system level and scale-up to welding and newgeometries.

The
proposal
of
this
transversal
project
between
various
research
groups
highlights
the
need
for
synergies
to
obtain
new
materials
capable
of
meeting
all
the
extreme
conditions
to
which
they
are
subjected
and
improving
the
efficiency
of
these
alternative
sources
for
energy
production,
with
the
ultimate
goal
of
being
a
real
alternative
to
fossil
fuels.

<!-- If applicable: references -->
== References ==
#	M. Malo, A. Moroño and E. R. Hodgson, In situ luminescence qualifications of radiation damage in aluminas: F aggregation and Al colloids, Fusion Engineering and Design 89 (2014) 2179-2183.
#	M. Malo, A. Moroño, and E.R. Hodgson, “Radioluminescence characterization of SiC and SiC/SiC”, Journal of Nuclear Materials 442 (2013) s404-s409.
#	M. Carmona Gázquez, S. Bassini, T. Hernández and M. Utili “Al2O3 Coating as Barrier against corrosion in Pb-17Li” Fusion Engineering and Design Vol. 124, (2017) 837-840.
#	P. Muñoz, et. al, “Radiation effects on deuterium permeation for PLD alumina coated Eurofer steel measured during 1.8 MeV electron irradiation” Journal of Nuclear Materials 512 (2018) 118 – 125 
#	T.Hernández, et al., “Corrosion protective action of different coatings for the helium cooled pebble breeder concept” Journal of Nuclear Materials 516 (2019) 160-168.
#	T. Hernández, et al., “Corrosion behavior of diverse sputtered coatings for the helium cooled pebbles bed (HCPB) breeder concept” Nuclear Materials and Energy, 25 (2020) 100795.
#	A. Moroño, E.R. Hodgson and M. Malo, “Radiation enhanced deuterium absorption for Al2O3 and macor ceramic”, Fusion Engineering and Design 88 (2013) 2488-2491.
#	T. Hernández, et al., “Study of deuterium permeation, retention, and desorption in SiC coatings submitted to relevant conditions for breeder blanket applications: thermal cycling effect under electron irradiation and oxygen exposure” Journal of Nuclear Materials 557 (2021) 153219 
#	Gonzalez-Arrabal, R., Rivera, A., & Perlado, J. M. (2020). “Limitations for tungsten as plasma facing material in the diverse scenarios of the European inertial confinement fusion facility HiPER: Current status and new approaches” Matter and Radiation at Extremes, 5(5), 055201. 
#	Panizo-Laiz, et al., (2019). “Experimental and computational studies of the influence of grain boundaries and temperature on the radiation-induced damage and hydrogen behavior in tungsten” Nuclear Fusion, 59(8). 
#	C. Abed, et al., “Processing and Study of Optical and Electrical Properties of (Mg, Al) Co-Doped ZnO Thin Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering for Photovoltaic Application” Materials 13 (2020) 2146-2158.
#	S. Fernández, et al.”Non-treated low temperature indium tin oxide fabricated in oxygen-free environment to low-cost silicon-based solar technology” Vacuum 184 (2021) 109783. 
#	S. Fernández, et al.,”Sputtered non-hydrogenated amorphous silicon as alternative absorber for silicon photovoltaic technology” Materials (2021), 14, 6550. 
#	S. Fernández, et al., “Roles of low temperature sputtered indium tin oxide for solar photovoltaic technology” Materials (2021), 14, Issue 24, 7758. 
#	S. Suárez, et al., Parameters to be considered for the development highly photoactive TiO2 layers on aluminium substrates by magnetron sputtering. Catalysis Today (In press). 
#	E. Carella, D. Rapisarda, S.Lenk. “Design of the CIEMAT Corrosion Loop for Liquid Metal Experiments” Applied Sciences, 12 (2022), 3104.
#	E. Carella, C. Moreno, F. R. Urgorri, D. Rapisarda, A. Ibarra “Tritium modeling in HCPB breeder blanket at a system level” Fusion Engineering and Design, 124 (2017) 687-691.
#	E. Carella, M. Gonzalez, R. Gonzalez-Arrabal “D-depth profiling in as-implanted and annealed Li-based Breeder Blanket ceramics” Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 438, Issues 1–3 (2013) 193-198.


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