Edge Localized Modes

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The steep edge gradients (of density and temperature) associated with an H-mode lead to quasi-periodic violent relaxation phenomena, known as Edge Localized Modes (ELMs), which have a strong impact on the surrounding vessel. [1] [2]

Physical mechanism

The physical mechanism of ELMs has not been fully clarified. Several possible explanations have been put forward:

I had no idea how to approach this before—now I’m locked and laoded.

References

  1. ↑ H. Zohm, Edge localized modes (ELMs), Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 38 (1996) 105-128
  2. ↑ D.N. Hill, A review of ELMs in divertor tokamaks, Journal of Nuclear Materials 241-243 (1997) 182-198
  3. ↑ A. Takayama and M. Wakatani, ELM modelling based on the nonlinear interchange mode in edge plasma, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 38 (1996) 1411-1414
  4. ↑ J.W. Connor et al, Magnetohydrodynamic stability of tokamak edge plasmas, Phys. Plasmas 5 (1998) 2687
  5. ↑ P.B. Snyder et al, Edge localized modes and the pedestal: A model based on coupled peeling–ballooning modes, Phys. Plasmas 9 (2002) 2037
  6. ↑ J.-S. Lönnroth et al, Predictive transport modelling of type I ELMy H-mode dynamics using a theory-motivated combined ballooning–peeling model, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 46 (2004) 1197-1215
  7. ↑ N. Hayashi et al, Integrated simulation of ELM energy loss and cycle in improved H-mode plasmas, Nucl. Fusion 49 (2009) 095015
  8. ↑ C.G. Gimblett, Peeling mode relaxation ELM model, AIP Conf. Proc. 871 (2006) 87-99
  9. ↑ E.R. Solano et al, ELMs and strike point jumps, Journal of Nuclear Materials 337-339 (2005) 747-750
  10. ↑ Emilia R. Solano, Criticality of the Grad–Shafranov equation: transport barriers and fragile equilibria, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 46 (2004) L7-L13
  11. ↑ R. Sánchez et al, Modelling of ELM-like phenomena via mixed SOC-diffusive dynamics, Nucl. Fusion 43 (2003) 1031-1039
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