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== Definition of causality == | == Definition of causality == | ||
To start with, it is not even easy to ''define'' what causality means exactly. <ref>[[Wikipedia:Causality]]</ref><ref>[[Wikipedia:Causality_(physics)]]</ref> In philosophy, causality typically refers to a relation between two events X and Y such that: | To start with, it is not even easy to ''define'' what causality means exactly. <ref>[[Wikipedia:Causality|Causality]]</ref><ref>[[Wikipedia:Causality_(physics)|Causality_(physics)]]</ref> In philosophy, causality typically refers to a relation between two events X and Y such that: | ||
* if Y occurs, then X will occur; or | * if Y occurs, then X will occur; or | ||
* if X occurs, then Y must have occured. | * if X occurs, then Y must have occured. | ||
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<ref>K. Hlaváková-Schindler, M. Palus, M. Vejmelka, and J. Bhattacharya. ''Causality detection based on information-theoretic approaches in time series analysis'', [[doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2006.12.004|Phys. Reports, '''441'''(1):1, 2007]]</ref> | <ref>K. Hlaváková-Schindler, M. Palus, M. Vejmelka, and J. Bhattacharya. ''Causality detection based on information-theoretic approaches in time series analysis'', [[doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2006.12.004|Phys. Reports, '''441'''(1):1, 2007]]</ref> | ||
Recently, a specific technique taken from Information Theory (the | Recently, a specific technique taken from Information Theory (the [[:Wikipedia:Transfer entropy|Transfer Entropy]])<ref>T. Schreiber, ''Measuring information transfer'', [[doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.461|Phys. Rev. Lett., '''85'''(2):461, 2000]]</ref> was applied succesfully to fluctuation data from fusion devices. | ||
<ref>B.Ph. van Milligen, G. Birkenmeier, M. Ramisch, T. Estrada, C. Hidalgo, and A. Alonso, ''Causality detection and turbulence in fusion plasmas'', [[doi:10.1088/0029-5515/54/2/023011|Nucl. Fusion 54 (2014), 023011]]</ref> | <ref>B.Ph. van Milligen, G. Birkenmeier, M. Ramisch, T. Estrada, C. Hidalgo, and A. Alonso, ''Causality detection and turbulence in fusion plasmas'', [[doi:10.1088/0029-5515/54/2/023011|Nucl. Fusion 54 (2014), 023011]]</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> |