TJ-II:Fast camera

TJ-II disposes of different fast camera systems for plasma imaging . The main system is located in sector B8, port B8TANG, viewing tangentially the poloidal limiter in sector C3.

Cameras

The newest fast camera employed at TJ-II is a Photron SA1 camera. Sampling speed (measured in frames per second, fps) and image size can be selected, but there is a trade-off:

• 5000 fps with 1024 x 1024 pixels(full frame)
• 10000 fps with 512 x 512 pixels
• 200000 fps (maximum ever employed so far) with 182 x 80 pixels

The dynamic range of the sensor is 8 bits, and the memory size is 8 GB.

Image Intensifier for Fast Camera

A Hamamatsu C9548-03BL series image intensifier is used. This is a two stage intensifier, including a first GEN II stage with a fast phosphor (P-46) and gain adjustable via the voltage at the MCP, and a second GEN I one (booster) with a fixed gain of 50 and somewhat slower phosphor screen (P-24). Both stages are optically coupled by a Fiber Optic Plate (FOP) which transfers the output signal from the first to the second.

Schematic diagram of the TJ-II fast camera installation

Videos

Here are some examples of movies recorded with the fast camera system of TJ-II.

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  Limiter recycling

• Example.jpg

  Helium puffing

• Example.jpg

  Surface interaction

• Example.jpg

  Dust

Limiter Recycling

Without filter and 75 mm lens. Speed: 54000 fps. Exposure time: 9μs. V: 650 V. ECH plasma with <n_e> = 5x10¹⁸ m^-3. Recycling at limiter positioned on the LCFS. The bright spot is Blackbody radiation from a glowing Langmuir probe on the limiter corner.

Helium Puffing

Without filter and 75 mm lens. Speed: 100000 fps. Exposure time: 1μs. V: 700 V. ECH plasma with <n_e> = 5x10¹⁸ m^-3. Helium puffing through the limiter 35 mm outside LCFS.

Surface Interaction

TJ-II plasma observed from a tangential port at 17.5 kHz sampling rate, with a lithium filter and image intensifier. In the field of view, the two most prominent areas of plasma-wall interaction can be seen: the poloidal limiter (lower) and the hardcore (helical limiter). As the plasma transits form ECH to NBI plasmas, the interaction level diminishes and becomes predominantly centered in the limiter [2]. From the lithium emission fluctuations information on the electron density fluctuations can be gained [3].

Dust

First insertion of the poloidal limiter after a lithiation of the vacuum vessel. Tangential observation, 15 kHz sampling rate. The ejection of lithium flakes from the carbon surface can be seen clearly at the beginning of the discharge. At the end of the video, as the plasma becomes colder, the flakes penetrate deeper into it until they float freely in the post-discharge plasmoid.