Neutronics in Fusion: Difference between revisions

(4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)

Line 1:

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_transport ~~Neutron transport~~] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion fusion] ~~describes~~ the ~~behavior~~ and ~~interactions of neutrons produced during fusion reactions~~. In ~~[[Nuclear~~ fusion]] systems, especially in deuterium–tritium reactions, high-energy neutrons (about 14.~~1 MeV~~) are ~~generated~~ in large numbers. ~~These neutrons carry most of the fusion~~ energy ~~and interact with the~~ surrounding materials~~, where their energy is deposited~~ through scattering and nuclear reactions. Neutronics analysis is therefore essential for predicting energy deposition, material damage, radiation shielding requirements, and tritium breeding performance. Understanding neutronics is a key aspect of designing safe, efficient, and sustainable fusion reactors.

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_transport Neutrons] generated in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion fusion reactions] carry most of the fusion energy and interact with surrounding materials <ref name="NeutronTransport"/><ref name="NuclearFusion"/>. In fusion systems, especially deuterium–tritium reactions, high-energy neutrons (about 14.1 MeV) are produced in large numbers. Their energy is deposited into surrounding materials through scattering and nuclear reactions. Neutronics analysis is therefore essential for predicting energy deposition, material damage, radiation shielding requirements, and tritium breeding performance. Understanding neutronics is a key aspect of designing safe, efficient, and sustainable fusion reactors.

Line 58:

'''Note:''' Because tritium is extremely rare in nature (half-life ≈ 12.3 years), fusion reactors are initially supplied with tritium from existing stockpiles (primarily from CANDU fission reactors), after which tritium is continuously bred from lithium within the ~~reactor~~ blanket to sustain operation<ref name="TritiumCANDU"/>.

'''Note:''' Because tritium is extremely rare in nature (half-life ≈ 12.3 years), fusion reactors are initially supplied with tritium from existing stockpiles (primarily from CANDU fission reactors), after which … tritium is continuously bred from lithium within the [[Breeding blanket]] to sustain reactor operation <ref name="TritiumCANDU"/>.

== Neutron Modeling in Plasma Codes ==

Neutronics simulation plays a fundamental role in the advancement of nuclear fusion by supporting reactor design, safety assessment, and material optimization. The following ~~plasma~~ modeling codes are used to predict fast-ion behavior and fusion-born neutron emission in [[Tokamak]] and [[Stellarator]] plasmas, providing neutron source distributions for transport simulations and diagnostic design.

Neutronics simulation plays a fundamental role in the advancement of nuclear fusion by supporting reactor design, safety assessment, and material optimization. The following [[Plasma simulation]] and fast-ion modeling codes are used to predict fast-ion behavior and fusion-born neutron emission in [[Tokamak]] and [[Stellarator]] plasmas, providing neutron source distributions for transport simulations and diagnostic design.

{| class="wikitable"

Line 81:

Line 80:

| Monte Carlo orbit-following codes for fast ions in tokamaks and stellarators; predict localized neutron emission patterns to aid diagnostic design and calibration <ref name="ASCOTneutron"/><ref name="ASCOTfurth"/>

|}

== Neutron Modeling Using Monte Carlo Neutronics Codes ==

Line 192:

Line 190:

== External links ==

* [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-10-5469-3 Neutronics ~~in Fusion Reactors~~ – Springer Book]

* [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-10-5469-3 Fusion Neutronics – Springer Book]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion Nuclear Fusion – Wikipedia article]

* [https://www.iter.org/machine/supporting-systems/tritium-breeding Tritium Breeding – ITER]

* [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15361055.2022.2141528 Advancing Methods for Fusion Neutronics: An Overview of Workflows and Nuclear Analysis Activities at UKAEA]

* [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-13-6520-1 Neutronics of Advanced Nuclear Systems]

* [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-3796(00)00160-5 Neutronics on inertial fusion reactors]

== References ==

"Neutron transport," Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_transport

</ref>

"Nuclear fusion," Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion

</ref>

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_transport Neutron transport] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion fusion] describes the behavior and interactions of neutrons produced during fusion reactions. In [[Nuclear fusion]] systems, especially in deuterium–tritium reactions, high-energy neutrons (about 14.1 MeV) are generated in large numbers. These neutrons carry most of the fusion energy and interact with the surrounding materials, where their energy is deposited through scattering and nuclear reactions. Neutronics analysis is therefore essential for predicting energy deposition, material damage, radiation shielding requirements, and tritium breeding performance. Understanding neutronics is a key aspect of designing safe, efficient, and sustainable fusion reactors.
+[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_transport Neutrons] generated in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion fusion reactions] carry most of the fusion energy and interact with surrounding materials <ref name="NeutronTransport"/><ref name="NuclearFusion"/>. In fusion systems, especially deuterium–tritium reactions, high-energy neutrons (about 14.1 MeV) are produced in large numbers. Their energy is deposited into surrounding materials through scattering and nuclear reactions. Neutronics analysis is therefore essential for predicting energy deposition, material damage, radiation shielding requirements, and tritium breeding performance. Understanding neutronics is a key aspect of designing safe, efficient, and sustainable fusion reactors.
@@ Line 58: / Line 58: @@
-'''Note:''' Because tritium is extremely rare in nature (half-life ≈ 12.3 years), fusion reactors are initially supplied with tritium from existing stockpiles (primarily from CANDU fission reactors), after which tritium is continuously bred from lithium within the reactor blanket to sustain operation<ref name="TritiumCANDU"/>.
+'''Note:''' Because tritium is extremely rare in nature (half-life ≈ 12.3 years), fusion reactors are initially supplied with tritium from existing stockpiles (primarily from CANDU fission reactors), after which … tritium is continuously bred from lithium within the [[Breeding blanket]] to sustain reactor operation <ref name="TritiumCANDU"/>.
 == Neutron Modeling in Plasma Codes ==
-Neutronics simulation plays a fundamental role in the advancement of nuclear fusion by supporting reactor design, safety assessment, and material optimization. The following plasma modeling codes are used to predict fast-ion behavior and fusion-born neutron emission in [[Tokamak]] and [[Stellarator]] plasmas, providing neutron source distributions for transport simulations and diagnostic design.
+Neutronics simulation plays a fundamental role in the advancement of nuclear fusion by supporting reactor design, safety assessment, and material optimization. The following [[Plasma simulation]] and fast-ion modeling codes are used to predict fast-ion behavior and fusion-born neutron emission in [[Tokamak]] and [[Stellarator]] plasmas, providing neutron source distributions for transport simulations and diagnostic design.
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 81: / Line 80: @@
 | Monte Carlo orbit-following codes for fast ions in tokamaks and stellarators; predict localized neutron emission patterns to aid diagnostic design and calibration <ref name="ASCOTneutron"/><ref name="ASCOTfurth"/>
 |}
 == Neutron Modeling Using Monte Carlo Neutronics Codes ==
@@ Line 192: / Line 190: @@
 == External links ==
-* [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-10-5469-3 Neutronics in Fusion Reactors – Springer Book]
+* [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-10-5469-3 Fusion Neutronics – Springer Book]
 * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion Nuclear Fusion – Wikipedia article]
 * [https://www.iter.org/machine/supporting-systems/tritium-breeding Tritium Breeding – ITER]
+* [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15361055.2022.2141528 Advancing Methods for Fusion Neutronics: An Overview of Workflows and Nuclear Analysis Activities at UKAEA]
+* [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-13-6520-1 Neutronics of Advanced Nuclear Systems]
+* [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-3796(00)00160-5 Neutronics on inertial fusion reactors]
 == References ==
 <references>
+<ref name="NeutronTransport">
+"Neutron transport," Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_transport
+</ref>
+<ref name="NuclearFusion">
+"Nuclear fusion," Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion
+</ref>
 <ref name="BreedingBlanket">