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A stellarator is a [[Magnetic confinement|magnetic confinement]] device. The [[Rotational transform|rotational transform]] is predominantly generated by external coils - as opposed to a [[Tokamak|tokamak]], in which the poloidal field is generated by plasma currents. Hybrid concepts (including the concepts known as quasi-axisymmetry and quasi-omnigeneity) employ both external coils and self-generated ([[Bootstrap current|bootstrap]]) currents (e.g. NCSX).
A stellarator is a [[Magnetic confinement|magnetic confinement]] device. The [[Rotational transform|rotational transform]] is predominantly generated by external coils - as opposed to a [[Tokamak|tokamak]], in which the poloidal field is generated by plasma currents. Hybrid concepts (including the concepts known as quasi-[[axisymmetry]] and quasi-[[omnigeneity]]) employ both external coils and self-generated ([[Bootstrap current|bootstrap]]) currents (e.g. NCSX).


[[File:NCSX_plasmaVessel.jpg|200px|thumb|right|NCSX plasma vessel.]]
[[File:NCSX_plasmaVessel.jpg|200px|thumb|right|NCSX plasma vessel.]]
== Classification of stellarators ==
Somewhat arbitrarily, stellarators may be classified according to the type of magnetic configuration.
* Torsatron / Heliotron: the [[rotational transform]] is produced by an external helical coil surrounding the plasma.
* Heliac: a stellarator with a toroidally helical magnetic axis.
* Helias: advanced stellarator with [[modular coil]]s.


== Defunct stellarators ==
== Defunct stellarators ==
* ATF (Oak Ridge, TN, USA)
* ATF (Oak Ridge, TN, USA)
* CHS (Japan)
* CHS (Japan)
* [http://prl.anu.edu.au/H-1NF H-1NF] (Canberra, Australia)
* [http://ncsx.pppl.gov/ NCSX] (Princeton, NJ, USA) - cancelled before construction was completed
* [http://ncsx.pppl.gov/ NCSX] (Princeton, NJ, USA) - cancelled before construction was completed
* [http://www.ipp.mpg.de/ippcms/eng/for/bereiche/e3/projekte/w7as.html W7-AS] (Garching, Germany, 1988-2002)
* [[W7-AS]] (Garching, Germany, 1988-2002)


== Operational stellarators ==
== Operational stellarators ==


* [http://fusion.auburn.edu/ CAT/CTH] (Auburn, USA)
* [http://fusion.auburn.edu/ CAT/CTH] (Auburn, USA)
* [http://prl.anu.edu.au/H-1NF H-1NF] (Canberra, Australia)
* [http://www.center.iae.kyoto-u.ac.jp/plasma/index.html Heliotron-J] (Kyoto, Japan)
* [http://www.center.iae.kyoto-u.ac.jp/plasma/index.html Heliotron-J] (Kyoto, Japan)
* [http://www.hsx.wisc.edu/ HSX] (Madison, WI, USA)
* [[HSX]] (Madison, WI, USA)
* [http://www.lhd.nifs.ac.jp/en/ LHD] (Toki, Japan)
* [http://www.lhd.nifs.ac.jp/en/ LHD] (Toki, Japan)
* [[Wikipedia:SCR-1|SCR-1]] (Cartago, Costa Rica)
* [[TJ-II]] (Madrid, Spain)
* [[TJ-II]] (Madrid, Spain)
* [http://www.ipf.uni-stuttgart.de/gruppen/pdd/pdd_tjk.html TJ-K] (Stuttgart, Germany) - formerly [[TJ-IU]]
* [[TJ-K]] (Stuttgart, Germany)
* [http://tsubaki.qse.tohoku.ac.jp/study/heliac/index.html TU Heliac] (Tohoku Univ., Sendai, Japan)
* [http://tsubaki.qse.tohoku.ac.jp/study/heliac/index.html TU Heliac] (Tohoku Univ., Sendai, Japan)
* [http://www.fusionvic.org/ UST-1] (Spain) - tabletop experiment
* [http://www.fusionvic.org/ UST-1] (Spain) - tabletop experiment
* [http://www.ipp.mpg.de/ippcms/eng/for/bereiche/e3/projekte/wega.html WEGA] (Greifswald, Germany)
* [http://www.ipp.mpg.de/ippcms/eng/for/bereiche/e3/projekte/wega.html WEGA] (Greifswald, Germany)
* [[W7-X|Wendelstein 7-x (W7-X)]] (Greifswald, Germany)


== Future stellarators ==
== Future stellarators ==
* [[W7-X]] (under construction, Greifswald, Germany)
* [http://web.utk.edu/~qps/ QPS] (in design phase, TN, USA)
* [http://web.utk.edu/~qps/ QPS] (in design phase, TN, USA)
* [http://estell.blog.uhp-nancy.fr STELL] (in design phase, University of Lorraine, France, in collaboration with IPP Greifswald)


== See also ==
== See also ==


* [[Stellarator reactor]]
* [[Stellarator reactor]]
* [[Stellarator optimization]]
* [[International Stellarator and Heliotron Workshop]]
* [[International Stellarator and Heliotron Workshop]]
* [[Coordinated Working Group Meeting]]
* [[Stellarator symmetry]]
* [[Stellarator symmetry]]
* [http://www.ornl.gov/sci/fed/stelnews/ Stellarator News]
* [http://www.ornl.gov/sci/fed/stelnews/ Stellarator News]
* [http://aries.ucsd.edu/ARIES/ ARIES Project] (conceptual design of a compact stellarator)
* [http://aries.ucsd.edu/ARIES/ ARIES Project] (conceptual design of a compact stellarator)
* [http://www.highfactor.com/ss/ Spherical Stellarator] design study
* [http://www.highfactor.com/ss/ Spherical Stellarator] design study
== References ==
* M. Wakatani, Stellarator and Heliotron devices, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford (1998) {{ISBN|0-19-507831-4}}
* P. Helander, ''Theory of plasma confinement in non-axisymmetric magnetic fields'', [[doi:10.1088/0034-4885/77/8/087001|Rep. Prog. Phys. 77 (2014) 087001]]

Latest revision as of 21:42, 10 April 2023

A stellarator is a magnetic confinement device. The rotational transform is predominantly generated by external coils - as opposed to a tokamak, in which the poloidal field is generated by plasma currents. Hybrid concepts (including the concepts known as quasi-axisymmetry and quasi-omnigeneity) employ both external coils and self-generated (bootstrap) currents (e.g. NCSX).

NCSX plasma vessel.

Classification of stellarators

Somewhat arbitrarily, stellarators may be classified according to the type of magnetic configuration.

  • Torsatron / Heliotron: the rotational transform is produced by an external helical coil surrounding the plasma.
  • Heliac: a stellarator with a toroidally helical magnetic axis.
  • Helias: advanced stellarator with modular coils.

Defunct stellarators

  • ATF (Oak Ridge, TN, USA)
  • CHS (Japan)
  • H-1NF (Canberra, Australia)
  • NCSX (Princeton, NJ, USA) - cancelled before construction was completed
  • W7-AS (Garching, Germany, 1988-2002)

Operational stellarators

Future stellarators

  • QPS (in design phase, TN, USA)
  • STELL (in design phase, University of Lorraine, France, in collaboration with IPP Greifswald)

See also

References

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