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Tokamak: Difference between revisions
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A tokamak is a magnetic confinement device in which the poloidal component of the magnetic field is generated mainly by currents flowing in the plasma. | A tokamak is a [[Magnetic confinement|magnetic confinement]] device in which the poloidal component of the magnetic field is generated mainly by currents flowing in the plasma. | ||
The relative simplicity of the tokamak design has led to an initial headway of this design with respect to other prospective designs for a [[Nuclear fusion|fusion]] reactor, and the top performance among current fusion experiments has been achieved in tokamaks. As a consequence, next-step devices are based on this design. | The relative simplicity of the tokamak design has led to an initial headway of this design with respect to other prospective designs for a [[Nuclear fusion|fusion]] reactor, and the top performance among current fusion experiments has been achieved in tokamaks. As a consequence, next-step devices are based on this design. | ||
However, the intrinsic limitations of tokamaks when operated at high values of the operational parameters may lead to an eventual preference for the [[Stellarator reactor|stellarator]] design, in spite of its increased complexity. | However, the intrinsic limitations of tokamaks when operated at high values of the operational parameters may lead to an eventual preference for the [[Stellarator reactor|stellarator]] design, in spite of its increased complexity. | ||
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* Alcator A (USA) | * Alcator A (USA) | ||
* Alcator C (USA) | * Alcator C (USA) | ||
* CASTOR (Czech Republic) | * CASTOR (Prague, Czech Republic) | ||
* [[:Wikipedia:Electric Tokamak|Electric Tokamak]] (USA) | * [[:Wikipedia:Electric Tokamak|Electric Tokamak]] (USA) | ||
* LT-1 (Australia) | * LT-1 (Australia) | ||
* RTP (The Netherlands) | * [[:Wikipedia:Mega_Ampere_Spherical_Tokamak|MAST]] (Culham, UK) | ||
* PBX-M (Princeton, NJ, USA) | |||
* RTP (Rijnhuizen, The Netherlands) | |||
* [[:Wikipedia:Small_Tight_Aspect_Ratio_Tokamak|START]] (UK) | * [[:Wikipedia:Small_Tight_Aspect_Ratio_Tokamak|START]] (UK) | ||
* T-3 (Russia) | * T-3 (Russia) | ||
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* T-15 (Russia) | * T-15 (Russia) | ||
* TEXT (USA) | * TEXT (USA) | ||
* [https://www.fz-juelich.de/en/iek/iek-4/forschung/textor TEXTOR] (Jülich, Germany) | |||
* [[:Wikipedia:TFTR|TFTR]] (USA) | * [[:Wikipedia:TFTR|TFTR]] (USA) | ||
* [[TJ-I]] (Spain) | * [[TJ-I]] (Spain) | ||
* Tokamak de Varennes (Canada) | * Tokamak de Varennes (Canada) | ||
* [[:Wikipedia:Tokamak à Chauffage Alfvén|Tokamak à Chauffage Alfvén]] (CH) | |||
== Operational tokamaks == | == Operational tokamaks == | ||
* Aditya (Gujarat, India) | * [http://www.ipr.res.in/aboutaditya.html Aditya] (Gujarat, India) | ||
* [[:Wikipedia:Alcator C-Mod|Alcator C-Mod]] (Cambridge, USA) | * [[:Wikipedia:Alcator C-Mod|Alcator C-Mod]] (Cambridge, USA) | ||
* [[:Wikipedia:ASDEX Upgrade|ASDEX Upgrade]] (Garching, Germany) | * [[:Wikipedia:ASDEX Upgrade|ASDEX Upgrade]] (Garching, Germany) | ||
* COMPASS (Prague, Czech Republic - previously in Culham, UK) | * [http://www.ipp.cas.cz/Tokamak/ COMPASS] (Prague, Czech Republic - previously in Culham, UK) | ||
* [[:Wikipedia:DIII-D]] (San Diego, USA) | * [[:Wikipedia:DIII-D|DIII-D]] (San Diego, USA) | ||
* [[:Wikipedia:EAST|EAST]] (HT-7U) (Hefei, China) | * [[:Wikipedia:EAST|EAST]] (HT-7U) (Hefei, China) | ||
* [[:Wikipedia:Frascati_Tokamak_Upgrade|FTU]] (Frascati, Italy) | * [[:Wikipedia:Frascati_Tokamak_Upgrade|FTU]] (Frascati, Italy) | ||
* [[:Wikipedia:HT-7|HT-7]] (Hefei, China) | * [[:Wikipedia:HT-7|HT-7]] (Hefei, China) | ||
* ISTTOK (Lisbon, Portugal) | * [http://www.cfn.ist.utl.pt/eng/Prj_Tokamak_main.html ISTTOK] (Lisbon, Portugal) | ||
* [ | * [[:Wikipedia:Joint_European_Torus|JET]] (UK - European) | ||
* [[:Wikipedia:JT-60|JT-60]] (Naka, Japan) | * [[:Wikipedia:JT-60|JT-60]] (Naka, Japan) | ||
* [[:Wikipedia:KSTAR|KSTAR]] (Daejon, South Korea) | * [[:Wikipedia:KSTAR|KSTAR]] (Daejon, South Korea) | ||
* [[: | * KTM (Kazakhstan) | ||
* [[:Wikipedia:National Spherical Torus Experiment|NSTX]] (Princeton, NJ, USA) | * [http://plasma47.energy.kyoto-u.ac.jp/index_e.html LATE] Low Aspect ratio Torus Experiment (Kyoto, Japan) | ||
* STOR-M (Canada) | * [http://pst.pppl.gov/ltx/ LTX] Lithium Tokamak Experiment (USA) | ||
* [https://ccfe.ukaea.uk/research/mast-upgrade/ MAST Upgrade]] (Culham, UK) | |||
* [[:Wikipedia:National Spherical Torus Experiment|NSTX-U]] (Princeton, NJ, USA) | |||
* [https://www.dtu.dk/english/news/2019/08/dtus-own-tokamak-for-fusion-energy-research?id=69f514ed-2ad4-4a34-98a5-81e3d0ace6cd NORTH] (Copenhagen, Danemark) | |||
* [[:Wikipedia:Pegasus_Toroidal_Experiment|Pegasus]] (Madison, USA) | |||
* [http://plasma.usask.ca/storm/index.php STOR-M] (Canada) | |||
* T-10 (Russia) | * T-10 (Russia) | ||
* TCABR (Sao Paulo, Brazil - previously in Switzerland) | * TCABR (Sao Paulo, Brazil - previously in Switzerland) | ||
* [[:Wikipedia:Tokamak_%C3%A0_configuration_variable|TCV]] (Switzerland) | * [[:Wikipedia:Tokamak_%C3%A0_configuration_variable|TCV]] (Switzerland) | ||
* [[:Wikipedia:Tore Supra|Tore Supra]] (Cadarache, France) | * [[:Wikipedia:Tore Supra|Tore Supra]] (Cadarache, France) | ||
* VEST (Seoul, Korea) | |||
== Future tokamaks == | == Future tokamaks == | ||
* [[ITER]] (under construction, France - International) | * [[ITER]] (under construction, France - International) | ||
* SST-1 (India) | * [https://www.psfc.mit.edu/sparc SPARC] (USA) | ||
* [http://www.ipr.res.in/sst1/SST-1.html SST-1] (India) | |||
* [[DEMO]] (in design phase) | * [[DEMO]] (in design phase) | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Stellarator]] | |||
* [[:Wikipedia:Tokamak]] | * [[:Wikipedia:Tokamak]] | ||
* [http://www.tokamak.info www.tokamak.info] - comprehensive list of tokamaks | |||
* [https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=z74xNCoUPT3o.klOHFNk4lzac Map: All the world's tokamaks] | |||