TJ-II:Construction: Difference between revisions

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[[File:TJ-II_Assembly.jpg|400px|thumb|right|A step in the assembly of TJ-II. The central conductor CC/HX and parts of the [[TJ-II:Sectors|vacuum vessel]] with [[TJ-II:Ports|view ports]] are visible.]]
[[File:TJ-II_Assembly.jpg|400px|thumb|right|A step in the assembly of TJ-II. The central conductor CC/HX and parts of the [[TJ-II:Sectors|vacuum vessel]] with [[TJ-II:Ports|view ports]] are visible.]]


[[TJ-II]] is a highly flexible medium-size fusion device of the Heliac type constructed at [[CIEMAT]] between 1991 and 1997. The [[TJ-II:Magnetic surface mapping|magnetic surface mapping]] was measured at low magnetic fields between December 1996 and January 1997, with excellent results. From January to September 1997 the commissioning of the device up to the design values was done, together with the assembly of the basic diagnostic equipment.
[[TJ-II]] is a highly flexible medium-size fusion device of the Heliac type constructed at [[CIEMAT]] between 1991 and 1997.
<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.1997.687032 M. Blaumoser et al, ''Construction, commissioning and first results of the Spanish Stellarator TJ-II'', Fusion Engineering, Proc. 17<sup>th</sup> IEEE/NPSS Symposium '''1''' (1997) 257 - 260]</ref>
<ref>A. Perea, L. Almoguera, J. Alonso, et al. ''Engineering design of a flexible Heliac device: the TJ-II experiment'', [[doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-88508-1.50023-2|Proc. 16th Symposium on Fusion Technology, London, U.K., 3–7 September 1990, 204]]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.ornl.gov/sci/fed/stelnews/pdf/sn48.pdf C. Alejaldre et al, ''TJ-II assembly completed'', Stellarator news '''48''' (1996) 1]</ref>
<ref>A.P. Navarro, L. Almoguera, J. Alonso Gozalo, et al., ''Engineering aspects and present status of the Spanish stellarator TJ-II'', [[doi:10.1109/FUSION.1991.218760| Fusion Engineering, 14th IEEE/NPSS Symposium (1991)]]</ref>
The [[TJ-II:Magnetic surface mapping|magnetic surface mapping]] was measured at low magnetic fields between December 1996 and January 1997, with excellent results. From January to September 1997 the commissioning of the device up to the design values was done, together with the assembly of the basic diagnostic equipment.
<ref>M. Blaumoser et al, ''Construction, commissioning and first results of the Spanish Stellarator TJ-II'', [[doi:10.1109/FUSION.1997.687032|Fusion Engineering, Proc. 17<sup>th</sup> IEEE/NPSS Symposium '''1''' (1997) 257 - 260]]</ref>
<ref>C. Alejaldre et al, ''TJ-II assembly completed'', [http://www.ornl.gov/sci/fed/stelnews/pdf/sn48.pdf Stellarator news '''48''' (1996) 1]</ref>
<ref>[[Media:ALONSO.pdf|J. Alonso, ''Design, construction and assembly of the Spanish stellarator TJ-II. Engineering experience'' (2007)]]</ref>


=== Vacuum vessel ===
=== Vacuum vessel ===
The all-metal [[TJ-II:Sectors|vacuum vessel]] of TJ-II has a helical geometry and has 96 [[TJ-II:Ports|ports]].  
The all-metal [[TJ-II:Vacuum system|TJ-II vacuum vessel]] has a helical geometry and has 96 [[TJ-II:Ports|ports]].
<ref>J. Botija and M. Blaumoser, '' Vacuum vessel design for the TJ-II device'', [[doi:10.1109/FUSION.1991.218780|14<sup>th</sup> IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering '''2''' (1991) 992-995]]</ref>
The vacuum vessel is made of non-magnetic steel (304 LN) with a thickness of 10 mm.  
The vacuum vessel is made of non-magnetic steel (304 LN) with a thickness of 10 mm.  
The octants with flanges have been manufactured separately and were assembled in-situ by welding. This assembly was done directly around the central conductor CC/HX, already placed in position. The CC/HX coil is outside of the vaccuum vessel thanks to a helical groove built into the vessel. This groove has a wall thickness of 7 mm for clearance reasons.
The octants with flanges have been manufactured separately and were assembled in-situ by welding. This assembly was done directly around the central conductor CC/HX, already placed in position. The CC/HX coil is outside of the vacuum vessel thanks to a helical groove built into the vessel.
Its groove is protected along the entire toroidal circumference against damage due to the bean-shaped plasma by 3 mm stainless steel sheets for low and medium power operation and graphite tiles for high power operation. Furthermore, the vacuum vessel is protected on the areas where the neutral beams deposit a residual shine-through heat flux. The vacuum vessel is pumped through four symmetrically spaced bottom ports to a base pressure of 10<sup>-8</sup> mbar. Four identical and independent vacuum pumping subsystems are used.
<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.1993.518387 J. Botija et al, '' Vacuum vessel, wall protection, pumping system and poloidallimiters of the Spanish stellarator TJ-II'',  15<sup>th</sup> IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering '''1''' (1993) 529-532]</ref>


=== Coil system ===
=== Coil system ===
Seven [[TJ-II:cooling system|water-cooled]] copper [[TJ-II:Coil system|coil systems]] with maximum currents between 7 kA and 32.5 kA provide the helical confinement field. The Bitter-type toroidal coils are split in half for assembly reasons. Four sets of poloidal coils produce the vertical, radial and OH fields.
Seven [[TJ-II:Cooling system|water-cooled]] copper [[TJ-II:Coil system|coil systems]] with maximum currents between 7 kA and 32.5 kA provide the helical confinement field. The Bitter-type toroidal coils are split in half for assembly reasons. Four sets of poloidal coils produce the vertical, radial and OH fields.


=== Precision machining and positioning ===
=== Precision machining and positioning ===