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* From the surface area ''S(ψ)'' of a flux surface (using ''S'' = 4 π<sup>2</sup>''Rr''<sub>eff</sub>) | * From the surface area ''S(ψ)'' of a flux surface (using ''S'' = 4 π<sup>2</sup>''Rr''<sub>eff</sub>) | ||
Here, ''R'' is the [[Toroidal coordinates|major radius]] of the [[:Wikipedia:Torus|torus]]. | Here, ''R'' is the [[Toroidal coordinates|major radius]] of the [[:Wikipedia:Torus|torus]]. | ||
Particularly in helical systems, choosing a value of ''R'' may be inappropriate (since the magnetic axis is not a circle). | Particularly in helical systems, choosing a value of ''R'' may be inappropriate (since the magnetic axis is not a circle, and the shape of the flux surfaces is not close to a toroid). | ||
One can avoid making an (arbitrary) choice for ''R'' by defining | One can avoid making an (arbitrary) choice for ''R'' by defining | ||
* ''r''<sub>eff</sub> = 2''V/S'' or | * ''r''<sub>eff</sub> = 2''V/S'' (still implicitly assumes the surfaces are near toroids) or | ||
* ''r''<sub>eff</sub> = ''dV/dS'' | * ''r''<sub>eff</sub> = ''dV/dS'' (more general) | ||
== Effective radius based on field lines == | == Effective radius based on field lines == |