LNF:Estudios del confinamiento mejorado y de impurezas en los Stellarators TJ-II y W7-X mediante inyección de pastillas criogénicas (Pellets) y encapsulados de impurezas (TESPEL): Difference between revisions
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== Description of the project == | == Description of the project == | ||
The aim of this project, which falls within the realm of magnetic confinement fusion, is to continue and broaden the research initiated in projects ENE2013-48679-R, FIS2017-89326-R and PID2020-116599RB-I00 on fuelling and impurity control in plasmas created in the stellarators TJ-II (Ciemat, Madrid), W7-X (Greifswald, Germany) and LHD (Toki, Japan). This | The overall aim of this project, which falls within the realm of magnetic confinement fusion, is to continue and broaden the research initiated in projects ENE2013-48679-R, FIS2017-89326-R and PID2020-116599RB-I00 on fuelling and impurity control in plasmas created in the stellarators TJ-II (Ciemat, Madrid), W7-X (Greifswald, Germany) and LHD (Toki, Japan). This work aims to investigate issues related to these two issue which are critical for achieving steady-state operation of helical-type fusion reactors. In particular, it is necessary to identify operational scenarios that achieve plasma fuelling and that ensure short impurity confinement times, in particular, for heavy ions (avoid impurity accumulation). It is intended that this work will support the European stellarator programme and contribute to the development and scientific exploitation of stellarators, a priority highlighted in the document "Fusion Electricity: a roadmap to the realization of fusion energy" (EFDA 2012). | ||
1. The first aim is to investigate aspects of pellet injection that are still not fully understood as well as to understand better how pellets affect plasma magnetic activity, plasma turbulence and plasma performance. For this, the medium-sized heliac TJ-II will be used. It is equipped with a cryogenic pellet injector (PI) for producing solid hydrogen pellets that can be injected at high velocity into the plasma. During previous projects it was found that pellet injection into TJ-II results in enhanced plasma performance (simultaneously higher electron density and ion temperature, larger stored diamagnetic energy, longer particle confinement, higher plasma beta) <ref>1</ref> <ref>2</ref>. It was also seen how the injection of additional fuel pellets further increases and maintains this enhanced plasma performance. It is now necessary to understand the underlying physics of these experimental observations. This will be done using available codes to evaluate neoclassical and turbulent contributions. | 1. The first aim is to investigate aspects of pellet injection that are still not fully understood as well as to understand better how pellets affect plasma magnetic activity, plasma turbulence and plasma performance. For this, the medium-sized heliac TJ-II will be used. It is equipped with a cryogenic pellet injector (PI) for producing solid hydrogen pellets that can be injected at high velocity into the plasma. During previous projects it was found that pellet injection into TJ-II results in enhanced plasma performance (simultaneously higher electron density and ion temperature, larger stored diamagnetic energy, longer particle confinement, higher plasma beta) <ref>1</ref> <ref>2</ref>. It was also seen how the injection of additional fuel pellets further increases and maintains this enhanced plasma performance. It is now necessary to understand the underlying physics of these experimental observations. This will be done using available codes to evaluate neoclassical and turbulent contributions. | ||
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PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES ASSOCIATED WITH THIS PROJECT (SINCE 2024) | PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES ASSOCIATED WITH THIS PROJECT (SINCE 2024) | ||
[1] The rotational transform and enhanced confinement in the TJ-II stellarator, B. Ph. van Milligen, I. García-Cortés, K. J. McCarthy, B. A. Carreras, L. García, A. Cappa, P. Pons-Villalonga, T. Estrada, D. Medina-Roque, J. Hernández-Sánchez, R. García, O. S. Kozachok, O. O. Chmyga, J. L. de Pablos, J. M. Barcala, A. Molinero, D. Tafalla, I. Pastor, D. Tafalla, A. de la Peña, F. Lapayese and the TJ-II Team, J. Plasma Phys. 90 (2025) E98, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377825100433 | [1] "The rotational transform and enhanced confinement in the TJ-II stellarator", B. Ph. van Milligen, I. García-Cortés, K. J. McCarthy, B. A. Carreras, L. García, A. Cappa, P. Pons-Villalonga, T. Estrada, D. Medina-Roque, J. Hernández-Sánchez, R. García, O. S. Kozachok, O. O. Chmyga, J. L. de Pablos, J. M. Barcala, A. Molinero, D. Tafalla, I. Pastor, D. Tafalla, A. de la Peña, F. Lapayese and the TJ-II Team, J. Plasma Phys. 90 (2025) E98, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377825100433 | ||
[2] Multi-pellet injection into the NBI-heated phase of TJ-II plasmas, K. J. McCarthy, I. García-Cortés, A. Alonso, A. Arias-Camisón, E. Ascasíbar, A. Baciero, A. Cappa, R. Carrasco, O. O. Chmyga, T. Estrada, R. García, J. Hernández-Sánchez, F. J. Herranz, O. S. Kozachok, B. López Miranda, F. Medina, D. Medina-Roque, B. van Milligen, M. Navarro, M. A. Ochando, J. L. de Pablos, N. Panadero, I. Pastor, J. de la Riva, M. C. Rodríguez, D. Tafalla, V. Tribaldos and TJ-II Team, Nucl. Fusion 64 (2024) 066019, https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad4047. | [2] "Multi-pellet injection into the NBI-heated phase of TJ-II plasmas", K. J. McCarthy, I. García-Cortés, A. Alonso, A. Arias-Camisón, E. Ascasíbar, A. Baciero, A. Cappa, R. Carrasco, O. O. Chmyga, T. Estrada, R. García, J. Hernández-Sánchez, F. J. Herranz, O. S. Kozachok, B. López Miranda, F. Medina, D. Medina-Roque, B. van Milligen, M. Navarro, M. A. Ochando, J. L. de Pablos, N. Panadero, I. Pastor, J. de la Riva, M. C. Rodríguez, D. Tafalla, V. Tribaldos and TJ-II Team, Nucl. Fusion 64 (2024) 066019, https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad4047. | ||
[3] Observation of Enhanced Core Impurity Transport in a Turbulence-Reduced Stellarator Plasma, D. Medina-Roque, I. García-Cortés, N. Tamura, K. J. McCarthy, F. Nespoli, K. Tanaka, M. Shoji, S. Masuzaki, H. Funaba, C. Suzuki, A. Mollen, R. Lunsford, K. Ida, M. Yoshinuma, M. Goto, T. Kawate, Y. Kawamoto, T. Kawate, T. Tokuzawa, I. Yamada and the LHD experimental team, Phys. Plasmas 33 (2026) 050701, https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0327035. | [3] "Observation of Enhanced Core Impurity Transport in a Turbulence-Reduced Stellarator Plasma", D. Medina-Roque, I. García-Cortés, N. Tamura, K. J. McCarthy, F. Nespoli, K. Tanaka, M. Shoji, S. Masuzaki, H. Funaba, C. Suzuki, A. Mollen, R. Lunsford, K. Ida, M. Yoshinuma, M. Goto, T. Kawate, Y. Kawamoto, T. Kawate, T. Tokuzawa, I. Yamada and the LHD experimental team, Phys. Plasmas 33 (2026) 050701, https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0327035. | ||
[4] Additional ECRH mitigates thermal quenches induced by tungsten TESPEL injection in LHD, H. Bouvain, A. Dinklage, N. Tamura, K. Mukai, C. Suzuki, T. Tokuzawa, Y. Takemura, Y. Narushima, K. Ida, M. Yoshinuma, H. Igami, H. Kasahara, K. McCarthy, D. Medina Roque, and I. García-Cortés, Phys. Plasmas 33 (2026) 022505. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0310971. | [4] "Additional ECRH mitigates thermal quenches induced by tungsten TESPEL injection in LHD", H. Bouvain, A. Dinklage, N. Tamura, K. Mukai, C. Suzuki, T. Tokuzawa, Y. Takemura, Y. Narushima, K. Ida, M. Yoshinuma, H. Igami, H. Kasahara, K. McCarthy, D. Medina Roque, and I. García-Cortés, Phys. Plasmas 33 (2026) 022505. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0310971. | ||
[5] Recent Advances in Plasma Control and Physics Research in the Large Helical Device, K. Tanaka, K. Ida, Y. Morishita, H. Ohtani, D. Medina Roque, T. Tokuzawa, N. Kenmochi, T. Kinoshita, K. Toi, S. Murakami, H. Funaba, G. Ueno, M. Yokoyama, R. Ichikawa, K. Ogawa, A. Kageyama, N. Ohno, K. McCarthy, I. Garcia-Cortes, N. Tamura, F. Nespoli, R. Lunsford, M. Shoji, S. Masuzaki, C. Suzuki, A. Mollen, Y. Yoshinuma, M. Goto, Y. Kawamoto, T. Kawate, I. Yamada, T. Nasu, T. Kobayashi, K. Itoh, Y. Mizuno, R. Yasuhara, H. Uehara, D. Den Hartog, Y. Takemura, H. Igami, R. Yanai, T. Takeuchi, T. Yokoyama, M. Osakabe, S. Morita, A. Shimizu, M. Nishiura, N. Pablant, D. Spong, H. Nuga, K. Nagaoka, R. Sakamoto, H. Yamada, Y. Katoh, Nuclear Fusion 66 (2026) 116012, https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae71eb | [5] "Recent Advances in Plasma Control and Physics Research in the Large Helical Device", K. Tanaka, K. Ida, Y. Morishita, H. Ohtani, D. Medina Roque, T. Tokuzawa, N. Kenmochi, T. Kinoshita, K. Toi, S. Murakami, H. Funaba, G. Ueno, M. Yokoyama, R. Ichikawa, K. Ogawa, A. Kageyama, N. Ohno, K. McCarthy, I. Garcia-Cortes, N. Tamura, F. Nespoli, R. Lunsford, M. Shoji, S. Masuzaki, C. Suzuki, A. Mollen, Y. Yoshinuma, M. Goto, Y. Kawamoto, T. Kawate, I. Yamada, T. Nasu, T. Kobayashi, K. Itoh, Y. Mizuno, R. Yasuhara, H. Uehara, D. Den Hartog, Y. Takemura, H. Igami, R. Yanai, T. Takeuchi, T. Yokoyama, M. Osakabe, S. Morita, A. Shimizu, M. Nishiura, N. Pablant, D. Spong, H. Nuga, K. Nagaoka, R. Sakamoto, H. Yamada, Y. Katoh, Nuclear Fusion 66 (2026) 116012, https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae71eb | ||
[6] Characterization of an Enhanced Plasma Performance Phase Induced by Pellet Injection in the Stellarator TJ-II, I. García-Cortés, K. McCarthy, B. Van Milligen, A. Kozachek, T. Estrada, V. Tribaldos, A. Baciero, B. Carreras, L. Garcia, D. Medina Roque, I. Pastor, M. C. Rodriguez Fernandez, D. Tafalla, Nuclear Fusion 66 (2026) 086042, https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae8312. | [6] "Characterization of an Enhanced Plasma Performance Phase Induced by Pellet Injection in the Stellarator TJ-II", I. García-Cortés, K. McCarthy, B. Van Milligen, A. Kozachek, T. Estrada, V. Tribaldos, A. Baciero, B. Carreras, L. Garcia, D. Medina Roque, I. Pastor, M. C. Rodriguez Fernandez, D. Tafalla, Nuclear Fusion 66 (2026) 086042, https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae8312. | ||
[7] The radial localization of low-order rational surfaces in the stellarator TJ-II using pellet injection, K. J. McCarthy, I. García-Cortés, B. van Milligen, A. Baciero, R. Carrasco, B. A. Carreras, O. O. Chmyga, T. Estrada, R. García, J. Hernández-Sánchez, F. J. Hernanz, O. S. Kozachok, B. López Miranda, F. Medina, D. Medina-Roque, M. Navarro, N. Panadero, I. Pastor, M. C. Rodríguez, D. Tafalla, and TJ-II Team, | [7] "The radial localization of low-order rational surfaces in the stellarator TJ-II using pellet injection", K. J. McCarthy, I. García-Cortés, B. van Milligen, A. Baciero, R. Carrasco, B. A. Carreras, O. O. Chmyga, T. Estrada, R. García, J. Hernández-Sánchez, F. J. Hernanz, O. S. Kozachok, B. López Miranda, F. Medina, D. Medina-Roque, M. Navarro, N. Panadero, I. Pastor, M. C. Rodríguez, D. Tafalla, and TJ-II Team, accepted for publication in Nuclear Fusion. | ||
[8] The pump-out effect as a trigger for the electron to ion root transition in TJ-II, B. Ph. van Milligen, I. García-Cortés, K. McCarthy, O.S. Kozachok, O. O. Chmyga, J.L. de Pablos, A. Cappa, and the TJ-II Team, sent to J. Fusion Energy for publication, ID e7e624ed-fe96-4e3e-be5e-cb2ce1112310. | [8] "The pump-out effect as a trigger for the electron to ion root transition in TJ-II", B. Ph. van Milligen, I. García-Cortés, K. McCarthy, O.S. Kozachok, O. O. Chmyga, J.L. de Pablos, A. Cappa, and the TJ-II Team, sent to J. Fusion Energy for publication, ID e7e624ed-fe96-4e3e-be5e-cb2ce1112310. | ||
[9] Transport in high-performance plasmas of the TJ-II stellarator: From first-principles simulations to experimental validation, J. M. García-Regaña, D. Alegre, … K. J. McCarthy, …, et al., | [9] "Transport in high-performance plasmas of the TJ-II stellarator: From first-principles simulations to experimental validation", J. M. García-Regaña, D. Alegre, … K. J. McCarthy, …, et al., Nuclear Fusion 66 (2026) 116018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae89c9. | ||
POSTERS AND TALKS IN CONFERENCES SINCE 2024 | POSTERS AND TALKS IN CONFERENCES SINCE 2024 | ||