Ion Temperature Gradient instability

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The ion temperature gradient (ITG) instability[1] is a microinstability in tokamaks relevant to turbulence and the associated anomalous transport.

The instability occurs due to the nature of Grad-B drift. The Grad-B drift velocity of a particle (caused by a gradient in the magnetic field) is proportional to the particle's kinetic energy. Hotter particles drift further than colder particles.

Hence, if a temperature gradient is aligned with a magnetic field gradient (as occurs in a tokamak), particles in the hotter region will drift further. If there is a perturbation in the temperature gradient, then the difference in drift velocities will create charge separation. The charge separation creates a electric field. This electric field creates an drift which increases the perturbation's amplitude. The positive-feedback nature of this loop leads to exponential growth of the instability.

Note that if the temperature gradient is anti-parallel to the magnetic field gradient, the drift will suppress the perturbation rather than increase it. This situation occurs on the inner, "good-curvature" side of the tokamak.

See the figure for a graphical explanation.

ITG mechanism

See also

References

  1. P. N. Guzdar, Liu Chen, W. M. Tang and P. H. Rutherford, Ion‐temperature‐gradient instability in toroidal plasmas Phys. Fluids 26 (1983) 673