TechnoFusión - Revision history

Admin: Reverted edits by Otihizuv (Talk) to last revision by Admin

2010-11-24T11:19:25Z

Reverted edits by Otihizuv (Talk) to last revision by Admin

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:19, 24 November 2010
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	~~=[http://aluxyxenud.co.cc UNDER COSTRUCTION, PLEASE SEE THIS POST IN RESERVE COPY]=~~
	[[File:Logo TF15-09.png\|400px\|right\|]]		[[File:Logo TF15-09.png\|400px\|right\|]]

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	== Plasma Wall Interaction ==		== Plasma Wall Interaction ==
	Inside a fusion reactor, some materials will not be subjected only to radiation, but also to enormous heat loads in the case of plasma disruptions. In view of this, both: i) stationary conditions due to the intrinsic reactor properties: high density, low temperature and high power and ii) violent transient events (known as [[Edge Localized Modes\|ELMs]] in plasma physics literature) must be reproduced. Therefore, it is essential to dispose of a device (a so-called “plasma gun”) to study plasma-material interactions simultaneously in steady state and transient regimes, thereby allowing an analysis of the modification of the materials and their properties in fusion reactors.		Inside a fusion reactor, some materials will not be subjected only to radiation, but also to enormous heat loads in the case of plasma disruptions. In view of this, both: i) stationary conditions due to the intrinsic reactor properties: high density, low temperature and high power and ii) violent transient events (known as [[Edge Localized Modes\|ELMs]] in plasma physics literature) must be reproduced. Therefore, it is essential to dispose of a device (a so-called “plasma gun”) to study plasma-material interactions simultaneously in steady state and transient regimes, thereby allowing an analysis of the modification of the materials and their properties in fusion reactors.
	The mentioned plasma gun would consist of two main elements: i) a linear plasma device capable of generating hydrogen plasmas with steady state particle fluxes of up to 10~~<~~sup~~>~~24~~<~~/sup~~>~~ m~~<~~sup~~>~~-2~~<~~/sup~~>~~s~~<~~sup~~>~~-1~~<~~/sup~~>~~ (i.e., of the order of the expected ITER fluxes) and impact energies in the range of 1-10 eV, and ii) a device of the quasi-stationary plasma accelerators (QSPA) type, providing pulses lasting 0.1-1.0 ms and energy fluxes in the 0.1-20 MJm~~<~~sup~~>~~-2~~<~~/sup~~>~~ range, in a longitudinal magnetic field of the order of 1 T or greater.		The mentioned plasma gun would consist of two main elements: i) a linear plasma device capable of generating hydrogen plasmas with steady state particle fluxes of up to 10<sup>24</sup> m<sup>-2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> (i.e., of the order of the expected ITER fluxes) and impact energies in the range of 1-10 eV, and ii) a device of the quasi-stationary plasma accelerators (QSPA) type, providing pulses lasting 0.1-1.0 ms and energy fluxes in the 0.1-20 MJm<sup>-2</sup> range, in a longitudinal magnetic field of the order of 1 T or greater.
	These devices are connected by a common vacuum chamber, allowing the exchange of samples, and their simultaneous or consecutive exposure to the steady state and transient plasma flows under controlled conditions. Both devices will operate with hydrogen, deuterium, helium, and argon.		These devices are connected by a common vacuum chamber, allowing the exchange of samples, and their simultaneous or consecutive exposure to the steady state and transient plasma flows under controlled conditions. Both devices will operate with hydrogen, deuterium, helium, and argon.

Otihizuv at 23:44, 23 November 2010

2010-11-23T23:44:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:44, 24 November 2010
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			=[http://aluxyxenud.co.cc UNDER COSTRUCTION, PLEASE SEE THIS POST IN RESERVE COPY]=
	[[File:Logo TF15-09.png\|400px\|right\|]]		[[File:Logo TF15-09.png\|400px\|right\|]]

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	== Plasma Wall Interaction ==		== Plasma Wall Interaction ==
	Inside a fusion reactor, some materials will not be subjected only to radiation, but also to enormous heat loads in the case of plasma disruptions. In view of this, both: i) stationary conditions due to the intrinsic reactor properties: high density, low temperature and high power and ii) violent transient events (known as [[Edge Localized Modes\|ELMs]] in plasma physics literature) must be reproduced. Therefore, it is essential to dispose of a device (a so-called “plasma gun”) to study plasma-material interactions simultaneously in steady state and transient regimes, thereby allowing an analysis of the modification of the materials and their properties in fusion reactors.		Inside a fusion reactor, some materials will not be subjected only to radiation, but also to enormous heat loads in the case of plasma disruptions. In view of this, both: i) stationary conditions due to the intrinsic reactor properties: high density, low temperature and high power and ii) violent transient events (known as [[Edge Localized Modes\|ELMs]] in plasma physics literature) must be reproduced. Therefore, it is essential to dispose of a device (a so-called “plasma gun”) to study plasma-material interactions simultaneously in steady state and transient regimes, thereby allowing an analysis of the modification of the materials and their properties in fusion reactors.
	The mentioned plasma gun would consist of two main elements: i) a linear plasma device capable of generating hydrogen plasmas with steady state particle fluxes of up to 10<sup>24</sup> m<sup>-2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> (i.e., of the order of the expected ITER fluxes) and impact energies in the range of 1-10 eV, and ii) a device of the quasi-stationary plasma accelerators (QSPA) type, providing pulses lasting 0.1-1.0 ms and energy fluxes in the 0.1-20 MJm<sup>-2</sup> range, in a longitudinal magnetic field of the order of 1 T or greater.		The mentioned plasma gun would consist of two main elements: i) a linear plasma device capable of generating hydrogen plasmas with steady state particle fluxes of up to 10<sup>24</sup> m<sup>-2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> (i.e., of the order of the expected ITER fluxes) and impact energies in the range of 1-10 eV, and ii) a device of the quasi-stationary plasma accelerators (QSPA) type, providing pulses lasting 0.1-1.0 ms and energy fluxes in the 0.1-20 MJm<sup>-2</sup> range, in a longitudinal magnetic field of the order of 1 T or greater.
	These devices are connected by a common vacuum chamber, allowing the exchange of samples, and their simultaneous or consecutive exposure to the steady state and transient plasma flows under controlled conditions. Both devices will operate with hydrogen, deuterium, helium, and argon.		These devices are connected by a common vacuum chamber, allowing the exchange of samples, and their simultaneous or consecutive exposure to the steady state and transient plasma flows under controlled conditions. Both devices will operate with hydrogen, deuterium, helium, and argon.

Admin: /* Computer Simulation */

2010-02-23T14:39:29Z

Computer Simulation

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:39, 23 February 2010
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	== Computer Simulation ==		== Computer Simulation ==
	In order to study conditions that cannot be reached in experiment and to accelerate the development of novel systems for a future commercial fusion power plant, TechnoFusión will stimulate an ambitious programme of computer simulations, combining the existing experience in the fusion field with resources from the National Supercomputation Network. Its goals include the implementation of the global simulation of a commercial fusion reactor, the interpretation of results, the validation of numerical tools, and the development of new tools. Another indispensable goal is the creation of a data acquisition system and the visualisation of results.		In order to study conditions that cannot be reached in experiment and to accelerate the development of novel systems for a future commercial fusion power plant, TechnoFusión will stimulate an ambitious programme of computer simulations, combining the existing experience in the fusion field with resources from the National Supercomputation Network. Its goals include the implementation of the global simulation of a commercial fusion reactor, the interpretation of results, the validation of numerical tools, and the development of new tools. Another indispensable goal is the creation of a data acquisition system and the visualisation of results.

			== See also ==

			* [http://www.technofusion.es TechnoFusión website]

Admin at 14:07, 9 October 2009

2009-10-09T14:07:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:07, 9 October 2009
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	[[File:Logo TF15-09.png\|400px~~\|thumb~~\|right\|]]		[[File:Logo TF15-09.png\|400px\|right\|]]

	The TechnoFusión project, currently in a preparatory study phase, involves the construction of a Singular Scientific-Technical Facility (National Centre for Fusion Technologies - TechnoFusión) in the Region of Madrid, Spain, creating the required infrastructure for the development of the technologies required for future commercial fusion reactors, and assuring participation by Spanish research groups and companies.		The TechnoFusión project, currently in a preparatory study phase, involves the construction of a Singular Scientific-Technical Facility (National Centre for Fusion Technologies - TechnoFusión) in the Region of Madrid, Spain, creating the required infrastructure for the development of the technologies required for future commercial fusion reactors, and assuring participation by Spanish research groups and companies.

Admin: /* Plasma Wall Interaction */

2009-10-09T14:03:59Z

Plasma Wall Interaction

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:03, 9 October 2009
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	== Plasma Wall Interaction ==		== Plasma Wall Interaction ==
	Inside a fusion reactor, some materials will not be subjected only to radiation, but also to enormous heat loads in the case of plasma disruptions. In view of this, both: i) stationary conditions due to the intrinsic reactor properties: high density, low temperature and high power and ii) violent transient events (known as [[Edge Localized Modes\|ELMs]] in plasma physics literature) must be reproduced. Therefore, it is essential to dispose of a device (~~which it will be~~ called “plasma gun”) to study plasma-material interactions simultaneously in steady state and transient regimes, thereby allowing an analysis of the modification of the materials and their properties in fusion reactors.		Inside a fusion reactor, some materials will not be subjected only to radiation, but also to enormous heat loads in the case of plasma disruptions. In view of this, both: i) stationary conditions due to the intrinsic reactor properties: high density, low temperature and high power and ii) violent transient events (known as [[Edge Localized Modes\|ELMs]] in plasma physics literature) must be reproduced. Therefore, it is essential to dispose of a device (a so-called “plasma gun”) to study plasma-material interactions simultaneously in steady state and transient regimes, thereby allowing an analysis of the modification of the materials and their properties in fusion reactors.
	The mentioned plasma gun would consist of two main elements: i) a linear plasma device capable of generating hydrogen plasmas with steady state particle fluxes of up to ~~1024~~ m-2s-1 (i.e., of the order of the expected ITER fluxes) and impact energies in the range of 1-10 eV, and ii) a device of the quasi-stationary plasma accelerators (QSPA) type, providing pulses lasting 0.1-1.0 ms and energy fluxes in the 0.1-20 MJm-2 range, in a longitudinal magnetic field of the order of 1 T or greater.		The mentioned plasma gun would consist of two main elements: i) a linear plasma device capable of generating hydrogen plasmas with steady state particle fluxes of up to 10<sup>24</sup> m<sup>-2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> (i.e., of the order of the expected ITER fluxes) and impact energies in the range of 1-10 eV, and ii) a device of the quasi-stationary plasma accelerators (QSPA) type, providing pulses lasting 0.1-1.0 ms and energy fluxes in the 0.1-20 MJm<sup>-2</sup> range, in a longitudinal magnetic field of the order of 1 T or greater.
	These devices are connected by a common vacuum chamber, allowing the exchange of samples, and their simultaneous or consecutive exposure to the steady state and transient plasma flows under controlled conditions. Both devices will operate with hydrogen, deuterium, helium, and argon.		These devices are connected by a common vacuum chamber, allowing the exchange of samples, and their simultaneous or consecutive exposure to the steady state and transient plasma flows under controlled conditions. Both devices will operate with hydrogen, deuterium, helium, and argon.

Isabel: /* Material Production and Processing */

2009-10-09T10:50:17Z

Material Production and Processing

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:50, 9 October 2009
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	== Material Production and Processing ==		== Material Production and Processing ==
	~~It is not yet decided what~~ materials will be used to construct future fusion reactors, partly because it has not yet been possible to reproduce the extreme conditions to which such materials will be subjected. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to dispose of installations capable of manufacturing new materials on a semi-industrial scale and fabricating prototypes. Top priority materials include metals such as reinforced low activation ODS type steels ([[:Wikipedia:Oxide dispersion strengthened alloy\|Oxide Dispersion Strengthened steels]]) and tungsten alloys. To manufacture such materials, equipment is required that currently is scarce or inexistent in Spain, such as a Vacuum Induction Furnace (VIM), a Hot Isostatic Pressing Furnace (HIP), a Furnace for Sintering assisted by a Pulsed Plasma Current (SPS), or a Vacuum Plasma Projection System (VPS).		There are still some uncertainties about the materials that will be used to construct future fusion reactors, partly because it has not yet been possible to reproduce the extreme conditions to which such materials will be subjected. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to dispose of installations capable of manufacturing new materials on a semi-industrial scale and fabricating prototypes. Top priority materials include metals such as reinforced low activation ODS type steels ([[:Wikipedia:Oxide dispersion strengthened alloy\|Oxide Dispersion Strengthened steels]]) and tungsten alloys. To manufacture such materials, equipment is required that currently is scarce or inexistent in Spain, such as a Vacuum Induction Furnace (VIM), a Hot Isostatic Pressing Furnace (HIP), a Furnace for Sintering assisted by a Pulsed Plasma Current (SPS), or a Vacuum Plasma Projection System (VPS).

	== Material Irradiation ==		== Material Irradiation ==

Isabel: /* Material Irradiation */

2009-10-09T10:49:14Z

Material Irradiation

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:49, 9 October 2009
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	== Material Irradiation ==		== Material Irradiation ==
	~~Of course,~~ exact reactor conditions are only reproduced inside ~~an actual~~ reactor~~. Even so~~, it is possible to simulate the effects of neutrons and gamma radiation on materials by irradiating ~~with ions~~ and ~~electrons~~. The effect of ~~neutron~~ radiation will be ~~simulated~~ by combining three ion accelerators: one light ion accelerator of the tandem type for irradiating with He, with an energy of 6 MV, one light ion accelerator of the tandem type for irradiating with H (or D), with an energy of 5-6 MV, and a heavy ion accelerator of the cyclotron type, with k = 110, to implant heavy ions (Fe, W, Si, C) or high energy protons. ~~In addition~~, a high field ~~magnet (~~5-10 T~~) will~~ be ~~used~~ to study the simultaneous effect of ~~irradiation~~ and magnetic fields on materials. The ~~effect~~ of ionizing gamma radiation will be ~~simulated by an~~ electron accelerator ~~of the Rhodotron type~~ with a fixed energy of 10 MeV~~, which~~ will be shared with other areas ~~of the Centre~~.		Even though the exact reactor conditions are only reproduced inside a reactor, it is possible to simulate the effects of neutrons and gamma radiation on materials by irradiating by ion and electron accelerators.
			The effect of neutronic radiation will be characterized by combining three ion accelerators: one light ion accelerator of the tandem type for irradiating with He, with an energy of 6 MV, one light ion accelerator of the tandem type for irradiating with H (or D), with an energy of 5-6 MV, and a heavy ion accelerator of the cyclotron type, with k = 110, to implant heavy ions (Fe, W, Si, C) or high energy protons.
			Additionally, a high magnetic field, between 5 and 10 T, must be incorporated into this facility in order to study the simultaneous effect of radiation and magnetic fields on materials.
			The effects of ionizing gamma radiation will be studied using a Rhodotron® electron accelerator with a fixed energy of 10 MeV that will be shared with other TechnoFusión areas.

	== Plasma Wall Interaction ==		== Plasma Wall Interaction ==

Isabel: /* Liquid Metal Technology */

2009-10-09T10:47:43Z

Liquid Metal Technology

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:47, 9 October 2009
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	== Liquid Metal Technology ==		== Liquid Metal Technology ==
	A number of [[ITER]], [[DEMO]] and [[IFMIF]] components will use liquid metals as refrigerants, tritium generators, neutron reproducers, moderators, etc., all of them under extreme conditions. Therefore, these applications need further research to be finally implemented in such installations.		A number of [[ITER]], DEMO and [[IFMIF]] components will use liquid metals as refrigerants, tritium generators, neutron reproducers, moderators, etc., all of them under extreme conditions. Therefore, these applications need further research to be finally implemented in such installations.
	The basic working scheme for this area in TechnoFusión facility is an arrangement of two liquid lithium loops, one of them coupled to the Rhodotron® electron accelerator to investigate the effects of gamma radiation on different conditions of the liquid lithium.		The basic working scheme for this area in TechnoFusión facility is an arrangement of two liquid lithium loops, one of them coupled to the Rhodotron® electron accelerator to investigate the effects of gamma radiation on different conditions of the liquid lithium.
	The main goals of this area are the studies of i) the free surface of liquid metals under conditions of internal energy deposition, and ii) the compatibility of structural materials and liquid metals in the presence of radiation. In addition, it will be possible to study the influence of magnetic fields on the cited phenomena as well as the development of methods for i) purification of liquid metals, ii) enrichment of lithium, iii) extraction of tritium, and iv) development of safety protocols for liquid metal handling.		The main goals of this area are the studies of i) the free surface of liquid metals under conditions of internal energy deposition, and ii) the compatibility of structural materials and liquid metals in the presence of radiation. In addition, it will be possible to study the influence of magnetic fields on the cited phenomena as well as the development of methods for i) purification of liquid metals, ii) enrichment of lithium, iii) extraction of tritium, and iv) development of safety protocols for liquid metal handling.

Isabel: /* Liquid Metal Technology */

2009-10-09T10:47:19Z

Liquid Metal Technology

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:47, 9 October 2009
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	== Liquid Metal Technology ==		== Liquid Metal Technology ==
	A number of, ITER, DEMO , and IFMIF components will use liquid metals as refrigerants, tritium generators, neutron reproducers, moderators, etc., all of them under extreme conditions. Therefore, these applications need further research to be finally implemented in such installations.		A number of [[ITER]], [[DEMO]] and [[IFMIF]] components will use liquid metals as refrigerants, tritium generators, neutron reproducers, moderators, etc., all of them under extreme conditions. Therefore, these applications need further research to be finally implemented in such installations.
	The basic working scheme for this area in TechnoFusión facility is an arrangement of two liquid lithium loops, one of them coupled to the Rhodotron® electron accelerator to investigate the effects of gamma radiation on different conditions of the liquid lithium.		The basic working scheme for this area in TechnoFusión facility is an arrangement of two liquid lithium loops, one of them coupled to the Rhodotron® electron accelerator to investigate the effects of gamma radiation on different conditions of the liquid lithium.
	The main goals of this area are the studies of i) the free surface of liquid metals under conditions of internal energy deposition, and ii) the compatibility of structural materials and liquid metals in the presence of radiation. In addition, it will be possible to study the influence of magnetic fields on the cited phenomena as well as the development of methods for i) purification of liquid metals, ii) enrichment of lithium, iii) extraction of tritium, and iv) development of safety protocols for liquid metal handling.		The main goals of this area are the studies of i) the free surface of liquid metals under conditions of internal energy deposition, and ii) the compatibility of structural materials and liquid metals in the presence of radiation. In addition, it will be possible to study the influence of magnetic fields on the cited phenomena as well as the development of methods for i) purification of liquid metals, ii) enrichment of lithium, iii) extraction of tritium, and iv) development of safety protocols for liquid metal handling.

Isabel: /* Liquid Metal Technology */

2009-10-09T10:45:51Z

Liquid Metal Technology

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:45, 9 October 2009
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	== Liquid Metal Technology ==		== Liquid Metal Technology ==
	~~Inside a fusion reactor~~, ~~some materials~~ will ~~not be subjected only to radiation~~, ~~but also to enormous heat loads in the case of plasma disruptions~~. ~~In view~~ of ~~this, both: i) stationary~~ conditions ~~due to the intrinsic reactor properties: high density, low temperature and high power and ii) violent transient events (called ELMs in plasma physics literature) must be reproduced~~. Therefore, ~~it is essential~~ to ~~dispose of a device (which it will~~ be ~~called “plasma gun”) to study plasma-material interactions simultaneously~~ in ~~steady state and transient regimes~~, ~~thereby allowing an analysis~~ of the ~~modification~~ of the ~~materials and their properties in fusion reactors~~.		A number of, ITER, DEMO , and IFMIF components will use liquid metals as refrigerants, tritium generators, neutron reproducers, moderators, etc., all of them under extreme conditions. Therefore, these applications need further research to be finally implemented in such installations.
	The ~~mentioned plasma gun would consist of two~~ main ~~elements: i) a linear plasma device capable~~ of ~~generating hydrogen plasmas with steady state particle fluxes~~ of ~~up to 1024 m-2s-1 (~~i~~.e., of~~ the ~~order~~ of ~~the expected ITER fluxes) and impact energies in the range~~ of ~~1-10 eV~~, and ii) ~~a device~~ of ~~the quasi-stationary plasma accelerators (QSPA) type, providing pulses lasting 0.1-1.0 ms~~ and ~~energy fluxes~~ in the 0.~~1-20 MJm-2 range~~, ~~in a longitudinal~~ magnetic ~~field~~ of ~~the order~~ of ~~1 T or greater.~~		The basic working scheme for this area in TechnoFusión facility is an arrangement of two liquid lithium loops, one of them coupled to the Rhodotron® electron accelerator to investigate the effects of gamma radiation on different conditions of the liquid lithium.
	~~These devices are connected by a common vacuum chamber~~, ~~allowing the exchange~~ of ~~samples~~, ~~and their simultaneous or consecutive exposure to the steady state and transient plasma flows under controlled conditions. Both devices will operate with hydrogen, deuterium, helium~~, and ~~argon~~.		The main goals of this area are the studies of i) the free surface of liquid metals under conditions of internal energy deposition, and ii) the compatibility of structural materials and liquid metals in the presence of radiation. In addition, it will be possible to study the influence of magnetic fields on the cited phenomena as well as the development of methods for i) purification of liquid metals, ii) enrichment of lithium, iii) extraction of tritium, and iv) development of safety protocols for liquid metal handling.

	== Characterization Techniques ==		== Characterization Techniques ==