Edge Localized Modes - Revision history

Admin at 08:52, 3 April 2018

2018-04-03T08:52:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:52, 3 April 2018
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	The steep edge gradients (of density and temperature) associated with an [[H-mode]] lead to quasi-periodic violent relaxation phenomena, known as Edge Localized Modes (ELMs), which have a strong impact on the surrounding vessel.		The steep edge gradients (of density and temperature) associated with an [[H-mode]] lead to quasi-periodic violent relaxation phenomena, known as Edge Localized Modes (ELMs), which have a strong impact on the surrounding vessel.
	<ref>H. Zohm, ''Edge localized modes (ELMs)'', [[doi:10.1088/0741-3335/38/2/001\|Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''38''' (1996) 105-128]]</ref>		<ref>H. Zohm, ''Edge localized modes (ELMs)'', [[doi:10.1088/0741-3335/38/2/001\|Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''38''' (1996) 105-128]]</ref>
	<ref>D.N. Hill, ''A review of ELMs in divertor tokamaks'', [[doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(97)80039-6 Journal of Nuclear Materials '''241-243''' (1997) 182-198]]</ref>		<ref>D.N. Hill, ''A review of ELMs in divertor tokamaks'', [[doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(97)80039-6\|Journal of Nuclear Materials '''241-243''' (1997) 182-198]]</ref>

	== Physical mechanism ==		== Physical mechanism ==

Admin at 08:52, 3 April 2018

2018-04-03T08:52:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:52, 3 April 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
	The steep edge gradients (of density and temperature) associated with an [[H-mode]] lead to quasi-periodic violent relaxation phenomena, known as Edge Localized Modes (ELMs), which have a strong impact on the surrounding vessel.		The steep edge gradients (of density and temperature) associated with an [[H-mode]] lead to quasi-periodic violent relaxation phenomena, known as Edge Localized Modes (ELMs), which have a strong impact on the surrounding vessel.
	<ref>[~~http~~:~~//dx.doi.org/~~10.1088/0741-3335/38/2/001 ~~H. Zohm, ''Edge localized modes (ELMs)'',~~ Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''38''' (1996) 105-128]</ref>		<ref>H. Zohm, ''Edge localized modes (ELMs)'', [[doi:10.1088/0741-3335/38/2/001\|Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''38''' (1996) 105-128]]</ref>
	<ref>~~[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(97)80039-6~~ D.N. Hill, ''A review of ELMs in divertor tokamaks'', Journal of Nuclear Materials '''241-243''' (1997) 182-198]</ref>		<ref>D.N. Hill, ''A review of ELMs in divertor tokamaks'', [[doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(97)80039-6 Journal of Nuclear Materials '''241-243''' (1997) 182-198]]</ref>

	== Physical mechanism ==		== Physical mechanism ==
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	The physical mechanism of ELMs has not been fully clarified. Several possible explanations have been put forward:		The physical mechanism of ELMs has not been fully clarified. Several possible explanations have been put forward:
	* Nonlinear interchange modes <ref>A. Takayama and M. Wakatani, ''ELM modelling based on the nonlinear interchange mode in edge plasma'', [[doi:10.1088/0741-3335/38/8/046\|Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''38''' (1996) 1411-1414]]</ref>		* Nonlinear interchange modes <ref>A. Takayama and M. Wakatani, ''ELM modelling based on the nonlinear interchange mode in edge plasma'', [[doi:10.1088/0741-3335/38/8/046\|Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''38''' (1996) 1411-1414]]</ref>
	* Coupled [[peeling-ballooning modes]] <ref>J.W. Connor et al, ''Magnetohydrodynamic stability of tokamak edge plasmas'', [~~http~~:~~//link.aip~~.~~org/link/?PHPAEN/5/2687~~/1 Phys. Plasmas '''5''' (1998) 2687]</ref><ref>P.B. Snyder et al, ''Edge localized modes and the pedestal: A model based on coupled peeling–ballooning modes'', [~~http~~:~~//link.aip~~.~~org/link/?PHPAEN/9/2037~~/1 Phys. Plasmas '''9''' (2002) 2037]</ref><ref>J.-S. Lönnroth et al, ''Predictive transport modelling of type I ELMy H-mode dynamics using a theory-motivated combined ballooning–peeling model'', [[doi:10.1088/0741-3335/46/8/003\|Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''46''' (2004) 1197-1215]]</ref><ref>N. Hayashi et al, ''Integrated simulation of ELM energy loss and cycle in improved H-mode plasmas'', [[doi:10.1088/0029-5515/49/9/095015\|Nucl. Fusion '''49''' (2009) 095015]]</ref>		* Coupled [[peeling-ballooning modes]] <ref>J.W. Connor et al, ''Magnetohydrodynamic stability of tokamak edge plasmas'', [[doi:10.1063/1.872956\|Phys. Plasmas '''5''' (1998) 2687]]</ref><ref>P.B. Snyder et al, ''Edge localized modes and the pedestal: A model based on coupled peeling–ballooning modes'', [[doi:10.1063/1.1449463\|Phys. Plasmas '''9''' (2002) 2037]]</ref><ref>J.-S. Lönnroth et al, ''Predictive transport modelling of type I ELMy H-mode dynamics using a theory-motivated combined ballooning–peeling model'', [[doi:10.1088/0741-3335/46/8/003\|Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''46''' (2004) 1197-1215]]</ref><ref>N. Hayashi et al, ''Integrated simulation of ELM energy loss and cycle in improved H-mode plasmas'', [[doi:10.1088/0029-5515/49/9/095015\|Nucl. Fusion '''49''' (2009) 095015]]</ref>
	* Peeling modes <ref>C.G. Gimblett, ''Peeling mode relaxation ELM model'', [[doi:10.1063/1.2404542\|AIP Conf. Proc. '''871''' (2006) 87-99]]</ref>		* Peeling modes <ref>C.G. Gimblett, ''Peeling mode relaxation ELM model'', [[doi:10.1063/1.2404542\|AIP Conf. Proc. '''871''' (2006) 87-99]]</ref>
	* Flux surface peeling <ref>E.R. Solano et al, ''ELMs and strike point jumps'', [[doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.09.067\|Journal of Nuclear Materials '''337-339''' (2005) 747-750]]</ref>		* Flux surface peeling <ref>E.R. Solano et al, ''ELMs and strike point jumps'', [[doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.09.067\|Journal of Nuclear Materials '''337-339''' (2005) 747-750]]</ref>
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	The occurrence of an ELM leads to a significant expulsion of heat and particles, with deleterious consequences for the vessel wall and machine operation.		The occurrence of an ELM leads to a significant expulsion of heat and particles, with deleterious consequences for the vessel wall and machine operation.
	Although [[Quiescent H-mode]]s exist (without ELMs),		Although [[Quiescent H-mode]]s exist (without ELMs),
	<ref>~~[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/12/056121/1~~ K.H. Burrell et al, ''Advances in understanding quiescent H-mode plasmas in DIII-D'', Phys. Plasmas '''12''' (2005) 056121]</ref>		<ref>K.H. Burrell et al, ''Advances in understanding quiescent H-mode plasmas in DIII-D'', [[doi:10.1063/1.1894745\|Phys. Plasmas '''12''' (2005) 056121]]</ref>
	they are generally considered not convenient due to the accumulation of [[impurities]].		they are generally considered not convenient due to the accumulation of [[impurities]].
	To achieve steady state, an ELMy H-mode is preferred and this mode of operation is proposed as the standard operating scenario for [[ITER]], thus converting ELM mitigation into a priority.		To achieve steady state, an ELMy H-mode is preferred and this mode of operation is proposed as the standard operating scenario for [[ITER]], thus converting ELM mitigation into a priority.
	<ref>~~[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.063~~ M.R. Wade, ''Physics and engineering issues associated with edge localized mode control in ITER'', Fusion Engineering and Design '''84''', Issues 2-6 (2009) 178-185]</ref>		<ref>M.R. Wade, ''Physics and engineering issues associated with edge localized mode control in ITER'', [[doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.063\|Fusion Engineering and Design '''84''', Issues 2-6 (2009) 178-185]]</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

Admin: /* Physical mechanism */

2018-04-03T08:35:53Z

Physical mechanism

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:35, 3 April 2018
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	The physical mechanism of ELMs has not been fully clarified. Several possible explanations have been put forward:		The physical mechanism of ELMs has not been fully clarified. Several possible explanations have been put forward:
	* Nonlinear interchange modes <ref>~~[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/38/8/046~~ A. Takayama and M. Wakatani, ''ELM modelling based on the nonlinear interchange mode in edge plasma'', Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''38''' (1996) 1411-1414]</ref>		* Nonlinear interchange modes <ref>A. Takayama and M. Wakatani, ''ELM modelling based on the nonlinear interchange mode in edge plasma'', [[doi:10.1088/0741-3335/38/8/046\|Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''38''' (1996) 1411-1414]]</ref>
	* Coupled [[peeling-ballooning modes]] <ref>[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/5/2687/1 ~~J.W. Connor et al, ''Magnetohydrodynamic stability of tokamak edge plasmas'',~~ Phys. Plasmas '''5''' (1998) 2687]</ref><ref>~~[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/9/2037/1~~ P.B. Snyder et al, ''Edge localized modes and the pedestal: A model based on coupled peeling–ballooning modes'', Phys. Plasmas '''9''' (2002) 2037]</ref><ref>~~[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/46/8/003~~ J.-S. Lönnroth et al, ''Predictive transport modelling of type I ELMy H-mode dynamics using a theory-motivated combined ballooning–peeling model'', Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''46''' (2004) 1197-1215]</ref><ref>~~[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/9/095015~~ N. Hayashi et al, ''Integrated simulation of ELM energy loss and cycle in improved H-mode plasmas'', Nucl. Fusion '''49''' (2009) 095015]</ref>		* Coupled [[peeling-ballooning modes]] <ref>J.W. Connor et al, ''Magnetohydrodynamic stability of tokamak edge plasmas'', [http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/5/2687/1 Phys. Plasmas '''5''' (1998) 2687]</ref><ref>P.B. Snyder et al, ''Edge localized modes and the pedestal: A model based on coupled peeling–ballooning modes'', [http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/9/2037/1 Phys. Plasmas '''9''' (2002) 2037]</ref><ref>J.-S. Lönnroth et al, ''Predictive transport modelling of type I ELMy H-mode dynamics using a theory-motivated combined ballooning–peeling model'', [[doi:10.1088/0741-3335/46/8/003\|Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''46''' (2004) 1197-1215]]</ref><ref>N. Hayashi et al, ''Integrated simulation of ELM energy loss and cycle in improved H-mode plasmas'', [[doi:10.1088/0029-5515/49/9/095015\|Nucl. Fusion '''49''' (2009) 095015]]</ref>
	* Peeling modes <ref>~~[http://link.aip.org/link/?APCPCS/871/87/1~~ C.G. Gimblett, ''Peeling mode relaxation ELM model'', AIP Conf. Proc. '''871''' (2006) 87-99]</ref>		* Peeling modes <ref>C.G. Gimblett, ''Peeling mode relaxation ELM model'', [[doi:10.1063/1.2404542\|AIP Conf. Proc. '''871''' (2006) 87-99]]</ref>
	* Flux surface peeling <ref>~~[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.09.067~~ E.R. Solano et al, ''ELMs and strike point jumps'', Journal of Nuclear Materials '''337-339''' (2005) 747-750 ]</ref>		* Flux surface peeling <ref>E.R. Solano et al, ''ELMs and strike point jumps'', [[doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.09.067\|Journal of Nuclear Materials '''337-339''' (2005) 747-750]]</ref>
	* [[Criticality of MHD equilibrium]] <ref> ~~[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/46/3/L02~~ Emilia R. Solano, ''Criticality of the Grad–Shafranov equation: transport barriers and fragile equilibria'', Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''46''' (2004) L7-L13] </ref>		* [[Criticality of MHD equilibrium]] <ref>Emilia R. Solano, ''Criticality of the Grad–Shafranov equation: transport barriers and fragile equilibria'', [[doi:10.1088/0741-3335/46/3/L02\|Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''46''' (2004) L7-L13]]</ref>
	* [[Self-Organised Criticality]] <ref>~~[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/43/10/003~~ R. Sánchez et al, ''Modelling of ELM-like phenomena via mixed SOC-diffusive dynamics'', Nucl. Fusion '''43''' (2003) 1031-1039 ]</ref>		* [[Self-Organised Criticality]] <ref>R. Sánchez et al, ''Modelling of ELM-like phenomena via mixed SOC-diffusive dynamics'', [[doi:10.1088/0029-5515/43/10/003\|Nucl. Fusion '''43''' (2003) 1031-1039]]</ref>

	== ELMs and machine operation ==		== ELMs and machine operation ==

Admin: /* ELMs and machine operation */

2014-10-21T15:41:05Z

ELMs and machine operation

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:41, 21 October 2014
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	Although [[Quiescent H-mode]]s exist (without ELMs),		Although [[Quiescent H-mode]]s exist (without ELMs),
	<ref>[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/12/056121/1 K.H. Burrell et al, ''Advances in understanding quiescent H-mode plasmas in DIII-D'', Phys. Plasmas '''12''' (2005) 056121]</ref>		<ref>[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/12/056121/1 K.H. Burrell et al, ''Advances in understanding quiescent H-mode plasmas in DIII-D'', Phys. Plasmas '''12''' (2005) 056121]</ref>
	they are generally considered not convenient due to the accumulation of impurities.		they are generally considered not convenient due to the accumulation of [[impurities]].
	To achieve steady state, an ELMy H-mode is preferred and this mode of operation is proposed as the standard operating scenario for [[ITER]], thus converting ELM mitigation into a priority.		To achieve steady state, an ELMy H-mode is preferred and this mode of operation is proposed as the standard operating scenario for [[ITER]], thus converting ELM mitigation into a priority.
	<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.063 M.R. Wade, ''Physics and engineering issues associated with edge localized mode control in ITER'', Fusion Engineering and Design '''84''', Issues 2-6 (2009) 178-185]</ref>		<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.063 M.R. Wade, ''Physics and engineering issues associated with edge localized mode control in ITER'', Fusion Engineering and Design '''84''', Issues 2-6 (2009) 178-185]</ref>

TFN: /* Physical mechanism */

2013-05-16T19:38:48Z

Physical mechanism

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:38, 16 May 2013
Line 7:		Line 7:
	The physical mechanism of ELMs has not been fully clarified. Several possible explanations have been put forward:		The physical mechanism of ELMs has not been fully clarified. Several possible explanations have been put forward:
	* Nonlinear interchange modes <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/38/8/046 A. Takayama and M. Wakatani, ''ELM modelling based on the nonlinear interchange mode in edge plasma'', Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''38''' (1996) 1411-1414]</ref>		* Nonlinear interchange modes <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/38/8/046 A. Takayama and M. Wakatani, ''ELM modelling based on the nonlinear interchange mode in edge plasma'', Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''38''' (1996) 1411-1414]</ref>
	* Coupled peeling-ballooning modes <ref>[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/5/2687/1 J.W. Connor et al, ''Magnetohydrodynamic stability of tokamak edge plasmas'', Phys. Plasmas '''5''' (1998) 2687]</ref><ref>[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/9/2037/1 P.B. Snyder et al, ''Edge localized modes and the pedestal: A model based on coupled peeling–ballooning modes'', Phys. Plasmas '''9''' (2002) 2037]</ref><ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/46/8/003 J.-S. Lönnroth et al, ''Predictive transport modelling of type I ELMy H-mode dynamics using a theory-motivated combined ballooning–peeling model'', Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''46''' (2004) 1197-1215]</ref><ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/9/095015 N. Hayashi et al, ''Integrated simulation of ELM energy loss and cycle in improved H-mode plasmas'', Nucl. Fusion '''49''' (2009) 095015]</ref>		* Coupled [[peeling-ballooning modes]] <ref>[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/5/2687/1 J.W. Connor et al, ''Magnetohydrodynamic stability of tokamak edge plasmas'', Phys. Plasmas '''5''' (1998) 2687]</ref><ref>[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/9/2037/1 P.B. Snyder et al, ''Edge localized modes and the pedestal: A model based on coupled peeling–ballooning modes'', Phys. Plasmas '''9''' (2002) 2037]</ref><ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/46/8/003 J.-S. Lönnroth et al, ''Predictive transport modelling of type I ELMy H-mode dynamics using a theory-motivated combined ballooning–peeling model'', Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''46''' (2004) 1197-1215]</ref><ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/9/095015 N. Hayashi et al, ''Integrated simulation of ELM energy loss and cycle in improved H-mode plasmas'', Nucl. Fusion '''49''' (2009) 095015]</ref>
	* Peeling modes <ref>[http://link.aip.org/link/?APCPCS/871/87/1 C.G. Gimblett, ''Peeling mode relaxation ELM model'', AIP Conf. Proc. '''871''' (2006) 87-99]</ref>		* Peeling modes <ref>[http://link.aip.org/link/?APCPCS/871/87/1 C.G. Gimblett, ''Peeling mode relaxation ELM model'', AIP Conf. Proc. '''871''' (2006) 87-99]</ref>
	* Flux surface peeling <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.09.067 E.R. Solano et al, ''ELMs and strike point jumps'', Journal of Nuclear Materials '''337-339''' (2005) 747-750 ]</ref>		* Flux surface peeling <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.09.067 E.R. Solano et al, ''ELMs and strike point jumps'', Journal of Nuclear Materials '''337-339''' (2005) 747-750 ]</ref>

Admin: /* ELMs and machine operation */

2012-07-25T12:33:11Z

ELMs and machine operation

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:33, 25 July 2012
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	The occurrence of an ELM leads to a significant expulsion of heat and particles, with deleterious consequences for the vessel wall and machine operation.		The occurrence of an ELM leads to a significant expulsion of heat and particles, with deleterious consequences for the vessel wall and machine operation.
	Although Quiescent H-~~modes~~ exist (without ELMs),		Although [[Quiescent H-mode]]s exist (without ELMs),
	<ref>[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/12/056121/1 K.H. Burrell et al, ''Advances in understanding quiescent H-mode plasmas in DIII-D'', Phys. Plasmas '''12''' (2005) 056121]</ref>		<ref>[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/12/056121/1 K.H. Burrell et al, ''Advances in understanding quiescent H-mode plasmas in DIII-D'', Phys. Plasmas '''12''' (2005) 056121]</ref>
	they are generally considered not convenient due to the accumulation of impurities.		they are generally considered not convenient due to the accumulation of impurities.

Admin: /* ELMs and machine operation */

2012-07-25T12:31:26Z

ELMs and machine operation

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:31, 25 July 2012
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	To achieve steady state, an ELMy H-mode is preferred and this mode of operation is proposed as the standard operating scenario for [[ITER]], thus converting ELM mitigation into a priority.		To achieve steady state, an ELMy H-mode is preferred and this mode of operation is proposed as the standard operating scenario for [[ITER]], thus converting ELM mitigation into a priority.
	<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.063 M.R. Wade, ''Physics and engineering issues associated with edge localized mode control in ITER'', Fusion Engineering and Design '''84''', Issues 2-6 (2009) 178-185]</ref>		<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.063 M.R. Wade, ''Physics and engineering issues associated with edge localized mode control in ITER'', Fusion Engineering and Design '''84''', Issues 2-6 (2009) 178-185]</ref>

			== See also ==
			* [[Resonant Magnetic Perturbation]], an ELM mitigation technique

	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />

Admin: Reverted edits by 91.121.115.28 (Talk) to last revision by Admin

2011-07-16T09:47:24Z

Reverted edits by 91.121.115.28 (Talk) to last revision by Admin

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:47, 16 July 2011
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	* [[Self-Organised Criticality]] <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/43/10/003 R. Sánchez et al, ''Modelling of ELM-like phenomena via mixed SOC-diffusive dynamics'', Nucl. Fusion '''43''' (2003) 1031-1039 ]</ref>		* [[Self-Organised Criticality]] <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/43/10/003 R. Sánchez et al, ''Modelling of ELM-like phenomena via mixed SOC-diffusive dynamics'', Nucl. Fusion '''43''' (2003) 1031-1039 ]</ref>

	~~I had no idea how~~ to ~~approach~~ this ~~beforenow Im locked~~ and ~~laoded.~~		== ELMs and machine operation ==

			The occurrence of an ELM leads to a significant expulsion of heat and particles, with deleterious consequences for the vessel wall and machine operation.
			Although Quiescent H-modes exist (without ELMs),
			<ref>[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/12/056121/1 K.H. Burrell et al, ''Advances in understanding quiescent H-mode plasmas in DIII-D'', Phys. Plasmas '''12''' (2005) 056121]</ref>
			they are generally considered not convenient due to the accumulation of impurities.
			To achieve steady state, an ELMy H-mode is preferred and this mode of operation is proposed as the standard operating scenario for [[ITER]], thus converting ELM mitigation into a priority.
			<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.063 M.R. Wade, ''Physics and engineering issues associated with edge localized mode control in ITER'', Fusion Engineering and Design '''84''', Issues 2-6 (2009) 178-185]</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />

91.121.115.28: /* ELMs and machine operation */

2011-07-16T09:18:55Z

ELMs and machine operation

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:18, 16 July 2011
Line 13:		Line 13:
	* [[Self-Organised Criticality]] <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/43/10/003 R. Sánchez et al, ''Modelling of ELM-like phenomena via mixed SOC-diffusive dynamics'', Nucl. Fusion '''43''' (2003) 1031-1039 ]</ref>		* [[Self-Organised Criticality]] <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/43/10/003 R. Sánchez et al, ''Modelling of ELM-like phenomena via mixed SOC-diffusive dynamics'', Nucl. Fusion '''43''' (2003) 1031-1039 ]</ref>

	~~== ELMs and machine operation ==~~		I had no idea how to approach this beforenow Im locked and laoded.

	~~The occurrence of an ELM leads~~ to ~~a significant expulsion of heat and particles, with deleterious consequences for the vessel wall and machine operation.~~
	~~Although Quiescent H-modes exist (without ELMs),~~
	~~<ref>[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/12/056121/1 K.H. Burrell et al, ''Advances in understanding quiescent H-mode plasmas in DIII-D'', Phys. Plasmas '''12''' (2005) 056121]</ref>~~
	~~they are generally considered not convenient due to the accumulation of impurities.~~
	~~To achieve steady state, an ELMy H-mode is preferred~~ and ~~this mode of operation is proposed as the standard operating scenario for [[ITER]], thus converting ELM mitigation into a priority.~~
	~~<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.063 M.R~~. ~~Wade, ''Physics and engineering issues associated with edge localized mode control in ITER'', Fusion Engineering and Design '''84''', Issues 2-6 (2009) 178-185]</ref>~~

	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />

Admin: Reverted edits by Otihizuv (Talk) to last revision by Admin

2010-11-24T11:21:37Z

Reverted edits by Otihizuv (Talk) to last revision by Admin

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:21, 24 November 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~=[http://ecoquvejoz.co.cc Page Is Unavailable Due To Site Maintenance, Please Visit Reserve Copy Page]=~~
	The steep edge gradients (of density and temperature) associated with an [[H-mode]] lead to quasi-periodic violent relaxation phenomena, known as Edge Localized Modes (ELMs), which have a strong impact on the surrounding vessel.		The steep edge gradients (of density and temperature) associated with an [[H-mode]] lead to quasi-periodic violent relaxation phenomena, known as Edge Localized Modes (ELMs), which have a strong impact on the surrounding vessel.
	~~<~~ref~~>~~[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/38/2/001 H. Zohm, ''Edge localized modes (ELMs)'', Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''38''' (1996) 105-128]~~<~~/ref~~>~~		<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/38/2/001 H. Zohm, ''Edge localized modes (ELMs)'', Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''38''' (1996) 105-128]</ref>
	~~<~~ref~~>~~[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(97)80039-6 D.N. Hill, ''A review of ELMs in divertor tokamaks'', Journal of Nuclear Materials '''241-243''' (1997) 182-198]~~<~~/ref~~>~~		<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(97)80039-6 D.N. Hill, ''A review of ELMs in divertor tokamaks'', Journal of Nuclear Materials '''241-243''' (1997) 182-198]</ref>

	== Physical mechanism ==		== Physical mechanism ==

	The physical mechanism of ELMs has not been fully clarified. Several possible explanations have been put forward:		The physical mechanism of ELMs has not been fully clarified. Several possible explanations have been put forward:
	* Nonlinear interchange modes ~~<~~ref~~>~~[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/38/8/046 A. Takayama and M. Wakatani, ''ELM modelling based on the nonlinear interchange mode in edge plasma'', Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''38''' (1996) 1411-1414]~~<~~/ref~~>~~		* Nonlinear interchange modes <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/38/8/046 A. Takayama and M. Wakatani, ''ELM modelling based on the nonlinear interchange mode in edge plasma'', Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''38''' (1996) 1411-1414]</ref>
	* Coupled peeling-ballooning modes ~~<~~ref~~>~~[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/5/2687/1 J.W. Connor et al, ''Magnetohydrodynamic stability of tokamak edge plasmas'', Phys. Plasmas '''5''' (1998) 2687]~~<~~/ref~~><~~ref~~>~~[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/9/2037/1 P.B. Snyder et al, ''Edge localized modes and the pedestal: A model based on coupled peeling–ballooning modes'', Phys. Plasmas '''9''' (2002) 2037]~~<~~/ref~~><~~ref~~>~~[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/46/8/003 J.-S. Lönnroth et al, ''Predictive transport modelling of type I ELMy H-mode dynamics using a theory-motivated combined ballooning–peeling model'', Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''46''' (2004) 1197-1215]~~<~~/ref~~><~~ref~~>~~[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/9/095015 N. Hayashi et al, ''Integrated simulation of ELM energy loss and cycle in improved H-mode plasmas'', Nucl. Fusion '''49''' (2009) 095015]~~<~~/ref~~>~~		* Coupled peeling-ballooning modes <ref>[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/5/2687/1 J.W. Connor et al, ''Magnetohydrodynamic stability of tokamak edge plasmas'', Phys. Plasmas '''5''' (1998) 2687]</ref><ref>[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/9/2037/1 P.B. Snyder et al, ''Edge localized modes and the pedestal: A model based on coupled peeling–ballooning modes'', Phys. Plasmas '''9''' (2002) 2037]</ref><ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/46/8/003 J.-S. Lönnroth et al, ''Predictive transport modelling of type I ELMy H-mode dynamics using a theory-motivated combined ballooning–peeling model'', Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''46''' (2004) 1197-1215]</ref><ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/9/095015 N. Hayashi et al, ''Integrated simulation of ELM energy loss and cycle in improved H-mode plasmas'', Nucl. Fusion '''49''' (2009) 095015]</ref>
	* Peeling modes ~~<~~ref~~>~~[http://link.aip.org/link/?APCPCS/871/87/1 C.G. Gimblett, ''Peeling mode relaxation ELM model'', AIP Conf. Proc. '''871''' (2006) 87-99]~~<~~/ref~~>~~		* Peeling modes <ref>[http://link.aip.org/link/?APCPCS/871/87/1 C.G. Gimblett, ''Peeling mode relaxation ELM model'', AIP Conf. Proc. '''871''' (2006) 87-99]</ref>
	* Flux surface peeling ~~<~~ref~~>~~[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.09.067 E.R. Solano et al, ''ELMs and strike point jumps'', Journal of Nuclear Materials '''337-339''' (2005) 747-750 ]~~<~~/ref~~>~~		* Flux surface peeling <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.09.067 E.R. Solano et al, ''ELMs and strike point jumps'', Journal of Nuclear Materials '''337-339''' (2005) 747-750 ]</ref>
	* [[Criticality of MHD equilibrium]] ~~<~~ref~~>~~ [http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/46/3/L02 Emilia R. Solano, ''Criticality of the Grad–Shafranov equation: transport barriers and fragile equilibria'', Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''46''' (2004) L7-L13] ~~<~~/ref~~>~~		* [[Criticality of MHD equilibrium]] <ref> [http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/46/3/L02 Emilia R. Solano, ''Criticality of the Grad–Shafranov equation: transport barriers and fragile equilibria'', Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion '''46''' (2004) L7-L13] </ref>
	* [[Self-Organised Criticality]] ~~<~~ref~~>~~[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/43/10/003 R. Sánchez et al, ''Modelling of ELM-like phenomena via mixed SOC-diffusive dynamics'', Nucl. Fusion '''43''' (2003) 1031-1039 ]~~<~~/ref~~>~~		* [[Self-Organised Criticality]] <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/43/10/003 R. Sánchez et al, ''Modelling of ELM-like phenomena via mixed SOC-diffusive dynamics'', Nucl. Fusion '''43''' (2003) 1031-1039 ]</ref>

	== ELMs and machine operation ==		== ELMs and machine operation ==
Line 18:		Line 17:
	The occurrence of an ELM leads to a significant expulsion of heat and particles, with deleterious consequences for the vessel wall and machine operation.		The occurrence of an ELM leads to a significant expulsion of heat and particles, with deleterious consequences for the vessel wall and machine operation.
	Although Quiescent H-modes exist (without ELMs),		Although Quiescent H-modes exist (without ELMs),
	~~<~~ref~~>~~[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/12/056121/1 K.H. Burrell et al, ''Advances in understanding quiescent H-mode plasmas in DIII-D'', Phys. Plasmas '''12''' (2005) 056121]~~<~~/ref~~>~~		<ref>[http://link.aip.org/link/?PHPAEN/12/056121/1 K.H. Burrell et al, ''Advances in understanding quiescent H-mode plasmas in DIII-D'', Phys. Plasmas '''12''' (2005) 056121]</ref>
	they are generally considered not convenient due to the accumulation of impurities.		they are generally considered not convenient due to the accumulation of impurities.
	To achieve steady state, an ELMy H-mode is preferred and this mode of operation is proposed as the standard operating scenario for [[ITER]], thus converting ELM mitigation into a priority.		To achieve steady state, an ELMy H-mode is preferred and this mode of operation is proposed as the standard operating scenario for [[ITER]], thus converting ELM mitigation into a priority.
	~~<~~ref~~>~~[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.063 M.R. Wade, ''Physics and engineering issues associated with edge localized mode control in ITER'', Fusion Engineering and Design '''84''', Issues 2-6 (2009) 178-185]~~<~~/ref~~>~~		<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.063 M.R. Wade, ''Physics and engineering issues associated with edge localized mode control in ITER'', Fusion Engineering and Design '''84''', Issues 2-6 (2009) 178-185]</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==
	~~<~~references /~~>~~		<references />