Alternative fusion devices

2024-04-05T08:19:21Z

DavidO: /* Alternative designs and associated companies */

Economically viable energy production based on [[nuclear fusion]] in a [[magnetic confinement]] device
has not been demonstrated yet.
The mainstream [[tokamak]], [[stellarator]], [[spheromak]] and [[Reversed Field Pinch]] designs may achieve energy production by fusion in the future, but it remains to be seen whether these designs will lead to economically viable and attractive power plants, as fusion reactors based on these designs will almost certainly need to be very large.

Given this situation, there is considerable interest in developing alternative designs.
Their common goal is to achieve fusion power generation at lower cost by exploiting the hypothetical improved plasma confinement properties of a different magnetic field configuration (or other design features), which would allow a reduced size of the power plant.
<ref>D. Clery, ''Fusion's restless pioneers'', [[doi:10.1126/science.345.6195.370|Science '''345''', 6195 (2014) 370]]</ref>
<ref>M.M. Waldrop, ''Plasma physics: The fusion upstarts'', [http://www.nature.com/news/plasma-physics-the-fusion-upstarts-1.15592 Nature '''511''', 7510 (2014)]</ref>
Currently, none of the alternative designs have achieved these potential benefits<ref>D. Clery, ''Ouside insights: alternative fusion'', [https://www.euro-fusion.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Newsletter/EUROfusion%20Fusion%20in%20Europe/EUROfusion_Fusion_in_Europe_2019_Sept.pdf Fusion in Europe, Summer 2019, p. 14]</ref><ref>P. Ball, ''The chase for fusion energy'', [https://www.nature.com/immersive/d41586-021-03401-w/index.html Nature, 2021]</ref>.

== Alternative designs and associated companies ==

* [https://www.typeoneenergy.com/ Type One Energy] - a stellarator design with optimized turbulent transport
* [https://cfs.energy/ Commonwealth Fusion Systems]<ref>''MIT launches multimillion-dollar collaboration to develop fusion energy'', [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-02966-3 Nature News, 9 March 2018] </ref>
* [http://www.psfc.mit.edu/ldx/ Levitated Dipole Experiment]
* Compact Spherical [[Tokamak]] - [http://www.tokamakenergy.co.uk/ Tokamak energy Ltd.]
* Colliding beam reactor - [[:wikipedia:Tri Alpha Energy, Inc.|Tri Alpha Energy]]<ref>L. Grossman, ''Inside the Quest for Fusion, Clean Energy’s Holy Grail'', [http://time.com/4082939/inside-the-quest-for-fusion-clean-energys-holy-grail/ Time, Oct. 22, 2015]</ref>
* [[:wikipedia:Polywell|Polywell]] - EMC2 company
* Magnetized target reactor - [http://www.generalfusion.com/ General Fusion]
* Dense Plasma Focus - [http://lawrencevilleplasmaphysics.com/ LPP Fusion]
* [http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/products/compact-fusion.html Compact Fusion] - Lockheed Martin (Skunkworks)<ref>D. Clery, ''Updated: Are old secrets behind Lockheed's new fusion machine?'', [http://news.sciencemag.org/physics/2014/10/updated-are-old-secrets-behind-lockheeds-new-fusion-machine Science, 17 October 2014]</ref>
* [http://appliedfusionsystems.com/ Applied Fusion Systems]<ref>[https://bdaily.co.uk/entrepreneurship/09-03-2017/a-former-made-in-chelsea-star-is-looking-to-raise-200m-to-build-nuclear-fusion-reactors A former Made in Chelsea star is looking to raise £200m to build nuclear fusion reactors]</ref>
* [https://firstlightfusion.com/ First Light Fusion]<ref>''The Fusion Reactor Next Door'', [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/13/business/fusion-energy-climate-change.html?utm_medium=techboard.tue.20190514&utm_source=email&utm_content=&utm_campaign=campaign New York Times, May 13 (2019)]</ref> - projectile-based inertial fusion
* Plasma Liner Experiment (PLX)<ref>''Magneto-inertial fusion experiment nears completion'' [https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-10/aps-mfe100919.php EurekAlert, Oct 21 (2019)]</ref>
* [https://kyotofusioneering.com/en/ Kyoto Fusioneering]
* [https://www.zapenergyinc.com/ Zap Energy] - based on Z-pinch
* [https://www.helicalfusion.com/en/ Helical Fusion] - Helical device (Heliotron)

== See also ==

* [[Fusor]]
* [[Single-Pointed Magnetic Confinement]]

== References ==
<references />

Job opportunities

2024-04-05T08:13:52Z

DavidO: /* International job opportunities */

This page provides links to sites offering jobs or study financing opportunities in the field of fusion and plasma physics.
If you know of any sites not yet included here, please feel free to add them; also please feel free to correct any link that has become outdated.

== International job opportunities ==

* [https://fusionforenergy.europa.eu/vacancies/ F4E vacancies]
* [https://epso.europa.eu/ European Personnel Selection Office]
* [https://www.iter.org/jobs ITER Jobs]
* [https://euraxess.ec.europa.eu/jobs EURAXESS Jobs] (European Commission) EURAXESS lists thousands of European and global vacancies and fellowships
* [https://jobs.physicstoday.org/ Physics Today jobs]
* [http://www.aps.org/careers/employment/index.cfm American Physical Society: Online career center]
* [http://www.eurosciencejobs.com/ Euro Science Jobs]
* [https://physicaloxy.com/ Physicaloxy] Worldwide academic vacancies in schools of Physical and Earth Sciences
* [https://www.higheredjobs.com/faculty/search.cfm?JobCat=106&CatName=Physics HigherEdJobs]
* [https://jobs.chronicle.com/jobs/faculty-positions/ The Chronicle of Higher Education Jobs]
* [https://www.helicalfusion.com/en/contact/ Helical Fusion, Japan]

== National job opportunities ==

==== Germany ====
*[https://www.ipp.mpg.de/17783/karriere Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Institut für Plasmaphysik]

==== Spain ====
* [http://www.ciemat.es/portal.do?IDM=254&NM=2 CIEMAT]
* [https://mcyt.educa.madrid.org/empleo/ofertas-destacadas/ Madri+d] Science and technology jobs (Madrid)
* [http://bifi.es/es/ BIFI] Zaragoza

==== The Netherlands ====
* [https://www.differ.nl/en/organization/vacancies DIFFER] (Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research) job vacancies

== Bursaries and financial support ==

==== Europe ====
* [http://ec.europa.eu/research/index.cfm Research & Innovation] (European Commission)
* [http://mariecurie.org/ Marie Curie Fellows Association] (support for young researchers in Europe)

==== Spain ====
* [https://www.fecyt.es/es/publicacion/researcher-career-path-spain-glance-4th-edition FECYT]: Researcher career path in Spain at a glance (and funding opportunities)
* [https://www.educacionyfp.gob.es/servicios-al-ciudadano/becas-ayudas.html Ministerio de Educación, Formación Profesional y Deportes] (bursaries and financial support for students)
* [http://www.fundacioncarolina.es Fundación Carolina] (specifically for Latin American students in Spain)

FusionWiki - User contributions [en]

Alternative fusion devices

Job opportunities